Crescenzi Maria Assunta, Gallart-Ayala Hector, Stellato Cristiana, Popolo Ada, Ivanisevic Julijana, Piacente Sonia, Montoro Paola
Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery & Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
Molecules. 2025 Mar 21;30(7):1407. doi: 10.3390/molecules30071407.
Fennel waste is rich in compounds that may have beneficial effects on human health. For this reason, the most abundant metabolites in fennel were isolated as the following: quercetin-3--glucoside, quinic acid, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, kaempferol-3--glucuronide, and quercetin-3--glucuronide. After inducing inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells by stimulating them with IL-1β, the cells were treated with the specialized metabolites at different concentrations to assess their anti-inflammatory effect. Eicosanoids, fatty acids, and sphingolipids were extracted from the cell medium and quantified by UPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity of the metabolites isolated from fennel waste was demonstrated. They were able to alleviate the inflammatory state in human bronchial epithelium by modulating the metabolic expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, fatty acids, and sphingolipids. These findings suggest the potential use of fennel waste in the production of dietary supplements to alleviate the symptoms of chronic inflammatory diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), where the continuous use of antiphlogistics may have significant side effects.
茴香废料富含可能对人体健康有益的化合物。因此，茴香中最丰富的代谢物被分离如下：槲皮素 - 3 - 葡萄糖苷、奎宁酸、1,5 - 二咖啡酰奎宁酸、山奈酚 - 3 - 葡萄糖醛酸苷和槲皮素 - 3 - 葡萄糖醛酸苷。在用白细胞介素 - 1β刺激人支气管上皮细胞诱导炎症后，用不同浓度的特定代谢物处理这些细胞，以评估它们的抗炎作用。从细胞培养基中提取类花生酸、脂肪酸和鞘脂，并通过超高效液相色谱 - 电喷雾 - 串联四极杆质谱（UPLC - ESI - QTRAP - MS/MS）分析进行定量。从茴香废料中分离出的代谢物的抗炎活性得到了证实。它们能够通过调节促炎和抗炎类花生酸、脂肪酸和鞘脂的代谢表达来减轻人支气管上皮的炎症状态。这些发现表明茴香废料在生产膳食补充剂方面的潜在用途，以缓解慢性炎症性疾病如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和特发性肺纤维化（IPF）的症状，在这些疾病中持续使用抗炎药可能会有显著的副作用。
