Kombe Kombe Arnaud John, Fotoohabadi Leila, Gerasimova Yulia, Nanduri Ravikanth, Lama Tamang Pratik, Kandala Monisha, Kelesidis Theodoros
Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Microorganisms. 2024 Dec 7;12(12):2526. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12122526.
Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, making them a significant public health concern. During infection, respiratory viruses, including Influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), trigger an antiviral immune response, specifically boosting the inflammatory response that plays a critical role in their pathogenesis. The inflammatory response induced by respiratory viruses can be a double-edged sword since it can be initially induced to be antiviral and protective/reparative from virus-induced injuries. Still, it can also be detrimental to host cells and tissues. However, the mechanisms that differentiate the complex crosstalk between favorable host inflammatory responses and harmful inflammatory responses are poorly understood. This review explores the complex interplay between viral pathogens and the host immune response, mainly focusing on the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of VRIs. We discuss how inflammation can both contain and exacerbate the progression of viral infections, highlighting potential therapeutic targets and emerging drugs for modulating the aberrant inflammatory responses during VRIs.
病毒性呼吸道感染（VRIs）是全球发病和死亡的主要原因，这使其成为一个重大的公共卫生问题。在感染期间，呼吸道病毒，包括流感病毒、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）和呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV），会引发抗病毒免疫反应，特别是增强在其发病机制中起关键作用的炎症反应。呼吸道病毒诱导的炎症反应可能是一把双刃剑，因为它最初可能被诱导产生抗病毒作用，并对病毒引起的损伤起到保护/修复作用。然而，它也可能对宿主细胞和组织有害。然而，区分有利的宿主炎症反应和有害的炎症反应之间复杂相互作用的机制仍知之甚少。本综述探讨了病毒病原体与宿主免疫反应之间的复杂相互作用，主要关注炎症在VRIs发病机制中的作用。我们讨论了炎症如何既能控制又能加剧病毒感染的进展，强调了潜在的治疗靶点以及用于调节VRIs期间异常炎症反应的新兴药物。
