Xin Song, Sun Mengya, Liu Shangxiao, Zhang Xuan, Liu Han
College of Transportation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
Molecules. 2025 Mar 28;30(7):1508. doi: 10.3390/molecules30071508.
In this study, fumed silica (FS) was used as a support material and infused with the hydrated salt sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (DHPD) to create shape-stabilized constant phase change materials (CPCMs). These CPCMs were integrated into a polyurethane matrix as a functional filler, resulting in low-exothermic polyurethane composite foams (CPCM-RPUFs) that demonstrate thermoregulation and flame-retardant properties. Recent findings show that CPCM-RPUF excels in thermal stability compared to pure polyurethane, with a melt phase transition enthalpy of 115.8 J/g. The use of fumed silica allows for the encapsulation of hydrated salts up to 87%, ensuring the structural integrity of the vesicles. As FS content in CPCMs increased, the internal temperature of the composite foam significantly decreased, showing excellent thermal regulation. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the synergistic effect of DHPD and FS improved the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the composites. By monitoring the internal and surface temperature changes in the foam, it was verified that CPCMs can effectively alleviate heat accumulation during the curing process and reduce the core temperature (56.9 °C) and surface warming rate, thus realizing the thermal buffering effect. With the increase in FS content in CPCMs, the compressive strength of CPCM-RPUF can be maintained or even enhanced. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of polyurethane composite foams with integrated thermal regulation and flame-retardant properties, which can have broad application prospects in the fields of building energy conservation, energy storage equipment, and thermal mine insulation.
在本研究中，气相二氧化硅（FS）用作载体材料，并注入十二水合磷酸氢二钠（DHPD）水合盐以制备形状稳定的恒定相变材料（CPCM）。这些CPCM作为功能填料集成到聚氨酯基体中，得到具有低放热特性的聚氨酯复合泡沫（CPCM-RPUF），其具有温度调节和阻燃性能。最近的研究结果表明，与纯聚氨酯相比，CPCM-RPUF在热稳定性方面表现出色，其熔融相变焓为115.8 J/g。气相二氧化硅的使用可使水合盐的包封率高达87%，确保了囊泡的结构完整性。随着CPCM中FS含量的增加，复合泡沫的内部温度显著降低，显示出优异的温度调节性能。热重分析表明，DHPD和FS的协同作用提高了复合材料的热稳定性和阻燃性。通过监测泡沫内部和表面的温度变化，证实CPCM可以有效缓解固化过程中的热量积累，降低芯部温度（56.9℃）和表面升温速率，从而实现热缓冲效果。随着CPCM中FS含量的增加，CPCM-RPUF的抗压强度可以保持甚至提高。本研究为开发具有集成温度调节和阻燃性能的聚氨酯复合泡沫提供了理论依据和技术支持，在建筑节能、储能设备和热矿保温等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
