家庭暴力法与妇女未满足的计划生育需求：来自非洲的准实验证据。

Domestic violence laws and women's unmet need for family planning: Quasi-experimental evidence from Africa.

作者信息

Bhuwania Pragya, Raub Amy, Sprague Aleta, Martin Alfredo, Bose Bijetri, Kidman Rachel, Heymann Jody

机构信息

WORLD Policy Analysis Center, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 621 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 2225 LSB90095, USA.

Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8338, USA.

出版信息

Reprod Health. 2025 Apr 26;22(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s12978-025-02011-3.

DOI:10.1186/s12978-025-02011-3

PMID:40287771

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12034134/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Approximately 164 million women report an unmet need for family planning globally. This has far-reaching consequences for the health of women and their children. Women's exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is strongly linked to increased unmet need as IPV likely affects both women's desire for contraception and their ability to access it. Around 245 million women were subject to physical and/or sexual IPV by an intimate partner in the past twelve months alone, making it the most common form of violence against women. Yet, laws that prohibit domestic violence (DV) are not universal and countries actively debate whether legal provisions are effective in deterring and reducing its harmful impacts. This study examines the impact of DV laws on women's unmet need for family planning.

METHODS

We built new data on DV laws adoption in Africa and used the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data collected between 2000 and 2021 across 23 African countries for outcomes data. Exploiting the staggered adoption of DV laws across the continent, we used a difference-in-differences study design to estimate the impact of DV laws in the treated countries compared to countries without such laws.

RESULTS

We find that DV laws reduced women's unmet need for family planning by 6.2% points, 95% CI [- 9.2, - 3.2], a 20.5% reduction from the mean. Positive impacts were observed in 6 countries across multiple model specifications. While the impacts were largely broad-based across wealth, age, geography, and education categories, we found no significant impacts for women younger than 20 years of age and those without formal education. These findings were robust to alternative model specifications.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings demonstrate that countries can significantly benefit from prohibiting DV as a fundamental step towards addressing women's unmet need for family planning and promoting their reproductive health. While fully addressing IPV and women's unmet need may require a range of complementary interventions, especially among marginalized populations, DV laws play a crucial role in improving women's control over their reproductive health.

摘要

背景

全球约有1.64亿妇女表示有未满足的计划生育需求。这对妇女及其子女的健康产生了深远影响。妇女遭受亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）与未满足需求的增加密切相关，因为亲密伴侣暴力可能会影响妇女对避孕的需求及其获得避孕措施的能力。仅在过去十二个月中，就有大约2.45亿妇女遭受亲密伴侣的身体和/或性暴力，这使其成为针对妇女最常见的暴力形式。然而，禁止家庭暴力（DV）的法律并不普遍，各国也在积极讨论法律规定是否能有效威慑和减少其有害影响。本研究考察了家庭暴力法律对妇女未满足的计划生育需求的影响。

方法

我们构建了关于非洲采用家庭暴力法律的新数据，并使用了2000年至2021年期间在23个非洲国家收集的人口与健康调查（DHS）数据作为结果数据。利用整个非洲大陆家庭暴力法律的交错采用情况，我们采用了双重差分研究设计，以估计与没有此类法律的国家相比，采用家庭暴力法律的国家所受到的影响。

结果

我们发现，家庭暴力法律使妇女未满足的计划生育需求降低了6.2个百分点，95%置信区间为[-9.2，-3.2]，较平均水平降低了20.5%。在多个模型设定下，有6个国家观察到了积极影响。虽然这些影响在财富、年龄、地理和教育类别中基本广泛存在，但我们发现对20岁以下的妇女和未受过正规教育的妇女没有显著影响。这些结果在替代模型设定下是稳健的。