Tabassum Nazia, Khan Fazlurrahman, Jeong Geum-Jae, Oh Do Kyung, Kim Young-Mog
Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Ocean and Fisheries Development International Cooperation Institute, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program of Marine and Fisheries Sciences and Convergent Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
Chemosphere. 2025 Jun;379:144439. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144439. Epub 2025 Apr 26.
Biofilm formation by a single and multiple microbial species poses a significant challenge to healthcare due to biofilm-related antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to develop a nanoformulation (Mal-AuNP-Gel) by synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with maltol (Mal), and coating them with fish gelatin (Gel) to reduce biofilm formation and virulence characteristics of microbial pathogens. Mal-AuNP-Gel showed increased antibacterial activity against all pathogens studied, including bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus) and fungal pathogens (e.g., Candida albicans), with MICs up to 2-fold lower than those of Mal-AuNPs. At the sub-MIC level, Mal-AuNPs-Gel, compared to Mal-AuNPs, improved the inhibition of initial-stage biofilm development by a single species of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans as well as the mixed-species biofilm of S. aureus and C. albicans. Additionally, these nanoparticles significantly inhibited several virulence characteristics such as hemolysis, pyoverdine and pyocyanin production, protease activity, and motility of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with biofilm formation, quorum sensing, motility, and virulence factors in P. aeruginosa was found to be suppressed by Mal-AuNPs-Gel at a higher level than that of Mal-AuNPs, corroborating the phenotypic effects. The non-cytotoxic effects of Mal-AuNPs and Mal-AuNPs-Gel at sub-MIC levels, as evidenced by results of in vitro cell cytotoxicity and in vivo phytotoxicity tests, further indicated biocompatibility of the synthesized nanoparticles.
由于生物膜相关的抗生素耐药性，单一微生物物种和多种微生物物种形成生物膜对医疗保健构成了重大挑战。本研究旨在通过用麦芽酚（Mal）合成金纳米颗粒（AuNPs），并用鱼明胶（Gel）对其进行包被，来开发一种纳米制剂（Mal-AuNP-Gel），以减少微生物病原体的生物膜形成和毒力特性。Mal-AuNP-Gel对所有研究的病原体，包括细菌（铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠杆菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌）和真菌病原体（如白色念珠菌），均表现出增强的抗菌活性，其最低抑菌浓度（MIC）比Mal-AuNPs低2倍。在亚MIC水平下，与Mal-AuNPs相比，Mal-AuNPs-Gel改善了对单一物种的铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌混合物种生物膜初始阶段生物膜形成的抑制作用。此外，这些纳米颗粒显著抑制了几种毒力特性，如铜绿假单胞菌的溶血、绿脓菌素和绿脓素产生、蛋白酶活性和运动性。此外，发现Mal-AuNPs-Gel比Mal-AuNPs更高水平地抑制了铜绿假单胞菌中与生物膜形成、群体感应、运动性和毒力因子相关的基因表达，证实了表型效应。体外细胞毒性和体内植物毒性试验结果表明，Mal-AuNPs和Mal-AuNPs-Gel在亚MIC水平下无细胞毒性作用，进一步表明了合成纳米颗粒的生物相容性。
