Liu Jingwen, Feng Xue, Wang Shang, Fan Weiwei, Zhang Chunzhi, Chen Ming
School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Qingdao, 266000, China.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025 Apr 28;41(5):142. doi: 10.1007/s11274-025-04268-z.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), one of the most important ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, has attracted great attention in recent years because of its significant health benefits for human beings. Traditionally, DHA is obtained from marine fish oil, but this approach depends on marine fishing and has suffered a dramatic fall in the past few years due to overfishing and climate change, which cannot meet the increasing market demand. Microbial DHA production by oleaginous microorganisms has become the current research hotspot. Schizochytrium sp., a heterotrophic thraustochytrid, has become one of the most promising DHA producers because of its safety, fast growth and high DHA content. However, industrial DHA production by Schizochytrium sp. is severely hindered by the high production cost. Many regulation strategies have been developed to enhance DHA production through fermentation optimization and metabolic regulation. In this review, recent advances in metabolic regulation for enhancing DHA production by Schizochytrium sp. are reviewed, from the aspects of key lipogenic enzymes, precursors, transcription factors, lipid peroxidation, transport of non-esterified DHA and stress environment.
二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）是最重要的ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸之一，近年来因其对人类具有显著的健康益处而备受关注。传统上，DHA是从海洋鱼油中获取的，但这种方法依赖于海洋捕捞，并且由于过度捕捞和气候变化，在过去几年中产量急剧下降，无法满足不断增长的市场需求。利用产油微生物生产微生物DHA已成为当前的研究热点。裂殖壶菌属，一种异养的破囊壶菌，因其安全性、生长速度快和DHA含量高，已成为最有前途的DHA生产菌株之一。然而，裂殖壶菌属的工业化DHA生产受到高生产成本的严重阻碍。已经开发了许多调控策略，通过发酵优化和代谢调控来提高DHA产量。在这篇综述中，从关键脂肪生成酶、前体、转录因子、脂质过氧化、非酯化DHA的转运和应激环境等方面，综述了裂殖壶菌属提高DHA产量的代谢调控研究进展。
