Akhavan Setare, Daraei Morteza, Salahshour Faeze, Mosavat Mina Sadat
Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Internal Medicine Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
J Int Med Res. 2025 Apr;53(4):3000605251332908. doi: 10.1177/03000605251332908. Epub 2025 Apr 28.
Spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is an extremely rare condition, especially in nonpregnant women who do not exhibit exogenous ovarian stimulation. Herein, we present a case of spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a 28-year-old nonpregnant woman who presented with life-threatening multiorgan dysfunction. Initial imaging studies and tumor marker assessment suggested the presence of a malignant ovarian tumor, posing substantial diagnostic challenges. The patient underwent emergency surgery due to severe hemorrhagic shock. Intraoperative findings revealed irregular and deformed ovaries; however, histologic examination showed luteinizing hemorrhagic cysts, leading to a diagnosis of spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. This case highlights the importance of considering spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in the differential diagnosis of ovarian enlargement with ascites, even in the absence of pregnancy or ovarian stimulation. It also underscores the critical role of expert radiological interpretation in such complex cases.
自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征是一种极为罕见的病症，尤其在未怀孕且未接受外源性卵巢刺激的女性中。在此，我们报告一例28岁未怀孕女性的自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征病例，该患者出现了危及生命的多器官功能障碍。初始影像学检查和肿瘤标志物评估提示存在恶性卵巢肿瘤，这带来了重大的诊断挑战。患者因严重失血性休克接受了急诊手术。术中发现卵巢不规则且变形；然而，组织学检查显示为黄素化出血性囊肿，从而诊断为自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征。该病例凸显了在鉴别诊断伴有腹水的卵巢肿大时考虑自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征的重要性，即使不存在妊娠或卵巢刺激情况。它还强调了专家放射学解读在这类复杂病例中的关键作用。
