Vasu Nandhini, Perumal Thangamathi, Seetharaman Prabu Kumar, Sivapunniyam Ananth, Anthoni Gnanasoundari, Ramalingam Karthik Raja, Rajamohan Vahitha, Thangaiyan Sharmiladevi
Research Department of Zoology, Kunthavai Naacchiyaar Government Arts College for Women (A), (Affiliated By Bharathidasan University), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613007, India.
Center for Applied Research, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2025 Apr 28. doi: 10.1007/s00449-025-03162-0.
The study investigated the synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (Am-ZnO-NPs) using Aegle marmelos leaves and their mosquitocidal, antioxidant, and anticancer efficacy. Am-ZnO-NPs were synthesized via combustion method under optimized conditions, including 5% plant extract, temperature of 70 °C, a contact time of 60 min, and pH of 10. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using advanced analytical techniques. The Am-CuO-NPs were hexagonal wurtzite in shape and had an average particle size of 37.44 nm. The Am-CuO-NPs are highly stable with a surface charge of - 26.77 mV. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified several compounds with insecticidal, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, including hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester (25.61%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (12.64%), and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester (6.31%). The aqueous extract of A. marmelos (100 µg/mL) demonstrated the highest larvicidal (57.33%) and pupicidal (42.67%) activities compared to other solvent extracts. In contrast, Am-ZnO-NPs exhibited relatively higher larvicidal activity (86.67%) and pupicidal (56.00%) at 10 µg/mL. The nanoparticles also inhibited the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterases and reduced the total protein (TP) levels in Ae. aegypti larvae. Further, both the aqueous leaf extract and Am-ZnO-NPs were effective in scavenging DPPH free radicals, achieving 76% and 94% inhibition, respectively, at a concentration of 125 µg/mL. Am-ZnO-NPs also exhibited cytotoxicity, induced cell cycle arrest, enhanced cell adhesion, and promoted apoptosis in L-132 lung cancer cell lines. Further, the Am-ZnO-NPs display potent antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens. These results highlight the role of phytochemicals in A. marmelos leaves for their effective biological activities.
该研究调查了利用印度枳椇叶合成氧化锌纳米颗粒（Am-ZnO-NPs）及其特性，以及它们的杀蚊、抗氧化和抗癌功效。在优化条件下，通过燃烧法合成了Am-ZnO-NPs，优化条件包括5%的植物提取物、70°C的温度、60分钟的接触时间和pH值10。使用先进的分析技术对所得纳米颗粒进行了表征。Am-CuO-NPs呈六方纤锌矿形状，平均粒径为37.44纳米。Am-CuO-NPs高度稳定，表面电荷为-26.77毫伏。气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析鉴定出几种具有杀虫、抗氧化和抗癌特性的化合物，包括十六碳烯酸乙酯（25.61%）、9,12-十八碳二烯酸乙酯（12.64%）和9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸乙酯（6.31%）。与其他溶剂提取物相比，印度枳椇水提取物（100微克/毫升）表现出最高的杀幼虫活性（57.33%）和杀蛹活性（42.67%）。相比之下，Am-ZnO-NPs在10微克/毫升时表现出相对较高的杀幼虫活性（86.67%）和杀蛹活性（56.00%）。这些纳米颗粒还抑制了埃及伊蚊幼虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和羧酸酯酶的活性，并降低了总蛋白（TP）水平。此外，印度枳椇叶水提取物和Am-ZnO-NPs在清除DPPH自由基方面均有效，在125微克/毫升浓度下分别实现了76%和94%的抑制率。Am-ZnO-NPs还在L-132肺癌细胞系中表现出细胞毒性，诱导细胞周期停滞，增强细胞黏附，并促进细胞凋亡。此外，Am-ZnO-NPs对临床病原体显示出强大的抗菌活性。这些结果突出了印度枳椇叶中植物化学物质在其有效生物活性中的作用。
