Facques Alice, Handy Richard D
School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Ecotoxicology. 2025 Aug;34(6):948-957. doi: 10.1007/s10646-025-02890-z. Epub 2025 Apr 28.
Innovation with metallic nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing, but their effects on the gastrointestinal physiology of fishes is poorly understood. This study explored the effects of CuSO and CuO NPs (primary size; 10-20 nm) on gut motility of Salmo salar (Atlantic Salmon), using an isolated gut preparation to record the frequency and amplitude of contractions. The study design used each gut as its own control, with measurements before, during and after exposure to each substance. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), as expected, showed some particle aggregation of CuO NPs in physiological saline with a hydrodynamic diameter of (mean ± S.E., n = 10) 242 nm ± 42. Exposure to 0.1 mg/L of Cu as CuSO displayed no significant effect on both the frequency and amplitude when compared to controls without Cu, and the CuO NP treatment. The CuO NP treatment displayed a similar effect on contractions when compared to controls, where the frequency and amplitude of contractions remained unchanged. However, a significant decrease in number of contractions between pre- and post-exposure phases in the CuSO treatment was observed. Impaired contractility remained evident in clean saline after exposure to CuSO, indicating a continued post-exposure effect. In contrast, guts exposed to CuO NP showed similar numbers of contractions in the exposure and post-exposure phases, indicating no further deterioration. Total Cu concentrations in the tissue as dry weight (dw) were significantly higher in guts exposed to CuO NPs (1060 µg/g dw) than CuSO (24 µg/g dw), but CuSO was more hazardous with respect to gut motility than the nano form.
金属纳米颗粒（NPs）的创新应用日益增多，但其对鱼类胃肠道生理的影响却知之甚少。本研究利用离体肠道制备技术记录收缩频率和幅度，探讨了硫酸铜（CuSO）和氧化铜纳米颗粒（CuO NPs，初始粒径10 - 20 nm）对大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）肠道蠕动的影响。研究设计以每条肠道自身作为对照，在暴露于每种物质之前、期间和之后进行测量。正如预期的那样，纳米颗粒跟踪分析（NTA）显示，在生理盐水中，CuO NPs存在一些颗粒聚集，其流体动力学直径为（平均值±标准误，n = 10）242 nm±42。与不含铜的对照组以及CuO NP处理组相比，暴露于0.1 mg/L的硫酸铜形式的铜对频率和幅度均无显著影响。与对照组相比，CuO NP处理对收缩的影响相似，收缩频率和幅度保持不变。然而，观察到硫酸铜处理组在暴露前和暴露后阶段的收缩次数显著减少。暴露于硫酸铜后，在清洁盐水中收缩性受损仍然明显，表明暴露后仍有持续影响。相比之下，暴露于CuO NP的肠道在暴露阶段和暴露后阶段的收缩次数相似，表明没有进一步恶化。以干重（dw）计，暴露于CuO NPs的肠道组织中总铜浓度（1060 μg/g dw）显著高于硫酸铜处理组（24 μg/g dw），但就肠道蠕动而言，硫酸铜比纳米形式更具危害性。
