Sheikh Rubyisha, Shaikh Nushma, Ahmed Mateen, Jamil Zara, Wala Maria Camp, Khan Kashish, Maqsood Biya, Zeeshan Eiman, Lal Priyanka Keshav, Khan Muhammad Taha, Raza Fatima Ali, Singh Ajeet, Daoud Mohamed, Sulaiman Samia Aziz
Department of Internal Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
Department of Internal Medicine, Hamdard University, Delhi, India.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Apr 25;104(17):e42027. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042027.
Deaths related to pneumonia and influenza have been consistently declining overall in the United States (US). However, pneumonia remains one of the highest causes for morbidity and mortality, demographic and regional trends and disparities in pneumonia and influenza-related mortality must be comprehensively studied. This study analyzed mortality data extracted from the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2020 for children under 5 years of age. Crude mortality rates (CMRs) were calculated and Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify trends based on annual percentage changes (APCs) values. A total of 17,229 pneumonia and influenza-related deaths occurred among children < 5 years between 1999 and 2020 (CMR: 3.3; 95% CI: 3.2-3.3). CMRs were consistently higher in male children (CMR: 3.5; 95% CI: 3.5-3.6) and among Black Americans (CMR: 5.8; 95% CI: 5.6-6.0), while lowest in Asian/Pacific Islanders (CMR: 2.4; 95% CI: 2.2-2.6). Among states, CMRs were highest in Alaska (CMR 6.9; 95% CI: 5.6-8.5). Nonmetropolitan areas had comparatively higher CMRs (CMR: 4; 95% CI: 2.9-3). A consistent decline was found in pneumonia and influenza-related mortality in children < 5 years old. Targeted strategies addressing the existing disparities can help optimize health outcomes and improve survival rates in populations at risk.
在美国，与肺炎和流感相关的死亡人数总体上一直在持续下降。然而，肺炎仍然是发病和死亡的主要原因之一，必须全面研究肺炎和流感相关死亡率的人口统计学、区域趋势及差异。本研究分析了1999年至2020年从美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的WONDER数据库中提取的5岁以下儿童的死亡数据。计算了粗死亡率（CMR），并使用Joinpoint回归分析根据年度百分比变化（APC）值确定趋势。1999年至2020年期间，5岁以下儿童中共有17229例与肺炎和流感相关的死亡（CMR：3.3；95%置信区间：3.2 - 3.3）。男童的CMR一直较高（CMR：3.5；95%置信区间：3.5 - 3.6），非裔美国人中也是如此（CMR：5.8；95%置信区间：5.6 - 6.0），而在亚裔/太平洋岛民中最低（CMR：2.4；95%置信区间：2.2 - 2.6）。在各州中，阿拉斯加的CMR最高（CMR 6.9；95%置信区间：5.6 - 8.5）。非都市地区的CMR相对较高（CMR：4；95%置信区间：2.9 - 3）。研究发现，5岁以下儿童中与肺炎和流感相关的死亡率呈持续下降趋势。针对现有差异采取有针对性的策略有助于优化健康结果，提高高危人群的生存率。
