Koolaparambil Mukesh Reshma, Yinda Claude K, Munster Vincent J, van Doremalen Neeltje
Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
Npj Viruses. 2024 Aug 22;2(1):39. doi: 10.1038/s44298-024-00043-3.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused three global outbreaks: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, with significant mortality and morbidity. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raised serious concerns about the global preparedness for a pandemic. Furthermore, the changing antigenic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 led to new variants with increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Thus, the development of broad-spectrum vaccines against current and future emerging variants of CoVs will be an essential tool in pandemic preparedness. Distinct phylogenetic features within CoVs complicate and limit the process of generating a pan-CoV vaccine capable of targeting the entire Coronaviridae family. In this review, we aim to provide a detailed overview of the features of CoVs, their phylogeny, current vaccines against various CoVs, the efforts in developing broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccines, and the future.
冠状病毒（CoVs）已引发三次全球疫情：2003年的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒1（SARS-CoV-1）、2012年的中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）以及2019年的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2），导致了显著的死亡率和发病率。2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的影响引发了人们对全球大流行防范准备工作的严重关切。此外，SARS-CoV-2不断变化的抗原格局导致了具有更高传播性和免疫逃逸能力的新变种出现。因此，开发针对当前及未来出现的CoV变种的广谱疫苗将成为大流行防范准备工作的一项重要工具。CoVs内部独特的系统发育特征使研发能够靶向整个冠状病毒科的泛CoV疫苗的过程变得复杂并受到限制。在这篇综述中，我们旨在详细概述CoVs的特征、它们的系统发育、针对各种CoV的现有疫苗、开发广谱冠状病毒疫苗的努力以及未来展望。
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