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经鼻内接种减毒的 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗可限制病毒传播。

An intranasal live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine limits virus transmission.

机构信息

Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.

出版信息

Nat Commun. 2024 Feb 2;15(1):995. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45348-2.

DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-45348-2
PMID:38307868
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10837132/
Abstract

The development of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been essential to control COVID-19, but significant challenges remain. One problem is intramuscular administration, which does not induce robust mucosal immune responses in the upper airways-the primary site of infection and virus shedding. Here we compare the efficacy of a mucosal, replication-competent yet fully attenuated virus vaccine, sCPD9-ΔFCS, and the monovalent mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1 and Omicron BA.5 in two scenarios. Firstly, we assessed the protective efficacy of the vaccines by exposing vaccinated male Syrian hamsters to infected counterparts. Secondly, we evaluated transmission of the challenge virus from vaccinated and subsequently challenged male hamsters to naïve contacts. Our findings demonstrate that the live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) sCPD9-ΔFCS significantly outperformed the mRNA vaccine in preventing virus transmission in both scenarios. Our results provide evidence for the advantages of locally administered LAVs over intramuscularly administered mRNA vaccines in preventing infection and reducing virus transmission.

摘要

开发有效的 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗对于控制 COVID-19 至关重要，但仍面临重大挑战。一个问题是肌肉内给药，它不能在上呼吸道（感染和病毒脱落的主要部位）诱导强大的粘膜免疫反应。在这里，我们比较了粘膜、复制性但完全减毒的病毒疫苗 sCPD9-ΔFCS 和单价 mRNA 疫苗 BNT162b2 在两种情况下预防 SARS-CoV-2 变体 B.1 和 Omicron BA.5 传播的功效。首先，我们通过让接种疫苗的雄性叙利亚仓鼠接触感染的对应物来评估疫苗的保护效果。其次，我们评估了接种疫苗并随后受到挑战的雄性仓鼠向易感接触者传播挑战病毒的情况。我们的研究结果表明，活减毒疫苗（LAV）sCPD9-ΔFCS 在两种情况下均显著优于 mRNA 疫苗，可预防病毒传播。我们的结果为局部给予 LAV 相对于肌肉内给予 mRNA 疫苗在预防感染和减少病毒传播方面的优势提供了证据。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/94f1c534ec3c/41467_2024_45348_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/bf8e2ef7ad49/41467_2024_45348_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/106e5f0d4fe0/41467_2024_45348_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/b2fa7ffc92f4/41467_2024_45348_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/92ae01bace17/41467_2024_45348_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/9927db5ab3a2/41467_2024_45348_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/509dd83b77a4/41467_2024_45348_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/8e423ea3c396/41467_2024_45348_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/92ed8ab8f0f6/41467_2024_45348_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/94f1c534ec3c/41467_2024_45348_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/bf8e2ef7ad49/41467_2024_45348_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/106e5f0d4fe0/41467_2024_45348_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/b2fa7ffc92f4/41467_2024_45348_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/92ae01bace17/41467_2024_45348_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/9927db5ab3a2/41467_2024_45348_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/509dd83b77a4/41467_2024_45348_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/8e423ea3c396/41467_2024_45348_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/92ed8ab8f0f6/41467_2024_45348_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/650e/10837132/94f1c534ec3c/41467_2024_45348_Fig9_HTML.jpg

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本文引用的文献

[1]
Intranasal mRNA-LNP vaccination protects hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Sci Adv. 2023-9-22

[2]
Comparative pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants including BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5.

Commun Biol. 2023-7-24

[3]
A non-transmissible live attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Mol Ther. 2023-8-2

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The T-cell-directed vaccine BNT162b4 encoding conserved non-spike antigens protects animals from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Cell. 2023-5-25

[5]
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NPJ Vaccines. 2023-4-12

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Live-attenuated vaccine sCPD9 elicits superior mucosal and systemic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters.

Nat Microbiol. 2023-5

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J Nanobiotechnology. 2023-2-22

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N Engl J Med. 2023-3-2

[9]
Effectiveness of Bivalent Boosters against Severe Omicron Infection.

N Engl J Med. 2023-2-23

[10]
Antibody Response to Omicron BA.4-BA.5 Bivalent Booster.

N Engl J Med. 2023-2-9

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