Steffen Femke, Rolvien Tim, Krause Matthias, Hollander Karsten, Hoenig Tim, Frosch Karl-Heinz, Welsch Götz H, Dalos Dimitris
UKE Athleticum, Center for Athletic Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2025 Apr 18;13(4):23259671251330602. doi: 10.1177/23259671251330602. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Bowlegs (Genu varum) are well-known leg axis deformities in adult soccer players and are associated with an increased risk of knee osteoarthritis. The time of onset of genu varum is unknown.
To analyze the static and dynamic leg axis in young professional soccer players from childhood to adolescence.
Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
Leg axes of 168 male professional soccer players (336 legs) from 8 age groups (U12-U21) were analyzed. Static and dynamic mechanical femorotibial axis angles (MAAs) were determined using a noninvasive motion analysis system allowing both legs to be evaluated individually. Additionally, the intercondylar and intermalleolar distances were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using a linear mixed model including the variables of age, playing position, shooting leg, and body mass index (BMI).
A significant increase in varus alignment for static and dynamic MAA was found with age. Players of the teams U17, U19, and U21 had significantly higher static MAAs (greater varus) compared with the youngest players (U12). The deviation in the dynamic MAA could be observed starting from the U15 onward. In all age groups, the dynamic MAA was significantly lower than the static MAA. No significant association was found for static or dynamic MAA with BMI, playing position, or shooting leg.
In this study, the degree of static and dynamic varus alignment was significantly associated with increasing age. On the basis of the study's findings, it is believed that preventive training methods particularly focusing on vulnerable age groups should be tested for efficacy.
膝内翻（弓腿）是成年足球运动员中广为人知的下肢力线畸形，且与膝关节骨关节炎风险增加有关。膝内翻的发病时间尚不清楚。
分析年轻职业足球运动员从儿童期到青春期的静态和动态下肢力线。
横断面研究；证据等级，3级。
分析了来自8个年龄组（U12 - U21）的168名男性职业足球运动员（336条腿）的下肢力线。使用无创运动分析系统确定静态和动态机械股胫轴角（MAA），该系统允许分别评估双腿。此外，还测量了髁间和踝间距离。使用包含年龄、比赛位置、射门腿和体重指数（BMI）变量的线性混合模型进行统计分析。
随着年龄增长，静态和动态MAA的内翻对线显著增加。与最年轻的球员（U12）相比，U17、U19和U21组的球员静态MAA显著更高（内翻更大）。从U15开始可以观察到动态MAA的偏差。在所有年龄组中，动态MAA显著低于静态MAA。未发现静态或动态MAA与BMI、比赛位置或射门腿之间存在显著关联。
在本研究中，静态和动态内翻对线程度与年龄增长显著相关。基于该研究结果，认为应测试特别针对易患年龄组的预防性训练方法的有效性。
