Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Events After Coronary Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been associated with an increased long-term risk of coronary artery disease due to chronic systemic inflammation.

AIM

To evaluate the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after coronary interventions.

METHODS

In this nationwide cohort study of adults undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (2012-2022), patients with IBD were propensity score-matched 1:10 to comparators without IBD. The primary outcome was MACE, a composite of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalisation for heart failure, or mortality. Secondary outcomes included each MACE component, 30-day all-cause readmission, revascularisation and in-hospital outcomes including intensive care unit admission and length of hospital stay. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and incidence rates (IRs) using Cox proportional hazards modelling.

RESULTS

We included 987 patients with IBD and 9571 matched comparators. After a median follow-up of 3.5 years, MACE occurred in 488 patients with IBD (49.4%, IR: 96.5/10,000 person-years [PY]) and in 3857 matched comparators (40.3%, IR: 68.9/10,000 PY); HR 1.37 (95% CI, 1.24-1.52). This equates to one additional MACE for every 36 patients with IBD over 10 years. The risk of each MACE component was increased, except for stroke. There were no differences between IBD subtypes or coronary intervention (PCI vs. CABG). Risks were highest in older individuals and elective interventions.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with IBD were at 37% higher risk of MACE after coronary intervention, indicating a need for intensified cardiovascular risk reduction in these high-risk individuals.