Co-Colonization of Non- Clostridial Species in Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea Caused by .

: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a public health problem that develops in the hospital setting. The most common causative agent of AAD is infection (CDI), although other non- Clostridia (NDC) might also be present. NDC include members of the RIC group such as [], and []. The co-colonization of NDC and CDI in patients with AAD has not been fully analyzed. : We compared clinical and laboratory data of patients with infection (CDI) plus NDC against patients with only CDI. This study was a retrospective, case-control study. Hospitalized confirmed CDI cases were analyzed. CDI detection was performed using a 2-step diagnostic algorithm, including glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) with toxin A/toxin B assays and molecular detection of the gene. Stool samples were cultured and colonies morphologically compatible with any Clostridia were identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Fisher's exact test and odds ratio (OR) were calculated to determine the degree of correlation between the variables and the study groups. : In the CDI + NDC group ( = 7), positive culture was observed for [] ( = 3), ( = 3), and ( = 1). According to our results, CDI + NDC patients received more days of antibiotic therapy, took more days to reduce diarrhea, had a significant increase in the number of days to suppress diarrhea, and previous hospitalizations were more frequently reported. : In conclusion, the positive culture of NDC species such as or in patients with AAD caused by CDI correlates with treatment extension and/or failure.