Liu Mengyi, Liu Chunlong, Zhaxi Puba, Kou Xiaohong, Liu Yazhou, Xue Zhaohui
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Tianjin Longsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300450, China.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Mar 22;14(4):378. doi: 10.3390/antiox14040378.
As a prevalent metabolic disorder, the increasing incidence of diabetes imposes a significant burden on global healthcare. Flavonoids in natural phytochemical products exhibit notable hypoglycemic properties, making them potential alternatives for diabetes treatment. This article summarizes the hypoglycemic properties of flavonoid subcategories studied in recent years, including flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanols, and others. The relevant targets and signal pathways, such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)/activation transcription factor 4 (ATF4)/C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), etc., are also elaborated. Additionally, flavonoids have also been demonstrated to modulate the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Through the aforementioned mechanisms, flavonoids mainly suppress carbohydrate metabolism and gluconeogenesis; facilitate glucose uptake, glycogenesis, and insulin secretion; and mitigate insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, etc. Notably, several studies have indicated that certain flavonoids displayed synergistic hypoglycemic effects. In conclusion, this article provides a comprehensive review of the hypoglycemic effects of the flavonoids investigated in recent years, aiming to offer theoretical insights for their further exploration.
作为一种常见的代谢紊乱疾病，糖尿病发病率的不断上升给全球医疗保健带来了巨大负担。天然植物化学产品中的黄酮类化合物具有显著的降血糖特性，使其成为糖尿病治疗的潜在替代物。本文总结了近年来研究的黄酮类亚类的降血糖特性，包括黄酮、异黄酮、黄酮醇、黄烷醇等。还阐述了相关靶点和信号通路，如α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、胰岛素受体底物（IRS）/磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（AKT）、PKR样内质网激酶（PERK）/真核起始因子2α（eIF2α）/激活转录因子4（ATF4）/C/EBP同源蛋白（CHOP）等。此外，黄酮类化合物还被证明可以调节肠道微生物群及其代谢产物。通过上述机制，黄酮类化合物主要抑制碳水化合物代谢和糖异生；促进葡萄糖摄取、糖原合成和胰岛素分泌；减轻胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激、炎症等。值得注意的是，一些研究表明某些黄酮类化合物具有协同降血糖作用。总之，本文对近年来研究的黄酮类化合物的降血糖作用进行了全面综述，旨在为其进一步探索提供理论见解。
