Creedon Alice C, Hubbard Vienna, Gibson Rachel, Dimidi Eirini
Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
Nutr Rev. 2025 Apr 29. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaf040.
A scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify studies investigating plant-based food diversity and human health outcomes. Objectives were to (a) explore definition(s) of plant-based foods used, (b) identify assessment tools used to measure plant-based food consumption, (c) characterize the assessment tools and methodology used to measure the diversity of plant-based food consumption, and (d) identify the health outcomes that have been investigated in relation to the diversity of plant-based food consumption, and explore the findings. Consumption of diverse plant-based foods provides a rich source of nutrients and nonnutrient bioactives that are often reported to improve health outcomes. Despite this, there are no standard definitions of plant-based food diversity, there is no consensus on methods of measurement, and there is limited understanding of its associated health benefits. Eligible studies were those investigating the relationship between plant-based food diversity and any health-related or lifestyle outcome, by any study design, in high income countries only. Studies were identified by systematic searches of 2 electronic databases and manual searches of reference lists. No restrictions were applied for language or year of publication. Forty-three studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. The majority of the studies were observational in design (38/43; 88%) and included fruits and vegetables only in their definitions of plant-based food diversity (31/43, 72%). Methods of measurement of both plant-based food intake and diversity varied greatly between studies, with only 3 (7%) articles reporting the use of a dedicated tool for assessment of plant-based food diversity in their population of interest. Health outcomes assessed included dietary intake and behavior, cardiometabolic risk factors, socioeconomic determinants of health, and cancer risk. There is a need for a robust definition and standardized assessment tools for plant-based food diversity. Observational studies have found associations between plant-based food diversity and certain health outcomes that warrant investigation in future randomized controlled trials.
我们进行了一项文献综述，以确定调查植物性食物多样性与人类健康结果的研究。目的是：（a）探讨所使用的植物性食物的定义；（b）确定用于衡量植物性食物消费的评估工具；（c）描述用于衡量植物性食物消费多样性的评估工具和方法；（d）确定与植物性食物消费多样性相关的已调查的健康结果，并探讨研究结果。食用多样化的植物性食物可提供丰富的营养素和非营养生物活性物质，这些物质通常被认为能改善健康状况。尽管如此，目前尚无关于植物性食物多样性的标准定义，在测量方法上也未达成共识，对其相关健康益处的了解也有限。符合条件的研究是那些仅在高收入国家通过任何研究设计调查植物性食物多样性与任何健康相关或生活方式结果之间关系的研究。通过对两个电子数据库进行系统检索和对参考文献列表进行手动检索来确定研究。对语言或出版年份不设限制。43项研究符合纳入本综述的条件。大多数研究在设计上是观察性的（38/43；88%），并且在其植物性食物多样性的定义中仅包括水果和蔬菜（31/43，72%）。不同研究之间用于测量植物性食物摄入量和多样性的方法差异很大，只有3篇（7%）文章报告在其感兴趣的人群中使用了专门的工具来评估植物性食物多样性。评估的健康结果包括饮食摄入和行为、心血管代谢风险因素、健康的社会经济决定因素以及癌症风险。需要为植物性食物多样性制定一个强有力的定义和标准化的评估工具。观察性研究已经发现植物性食物多样性与某些健康结果之间存在关联，这值得在未来的随机对照试验中进行调查。
