Exploring the bioactive components and mechanism of Biling Weitong Granules in chronic gastric ulcer repair through network analysis and experimental verification.

Biling Weitong Granules (BLWTG) is a clinical formula employed for treating epigastric pain, yet its pharmacodynamic components and mechanisms against chronic gastric ulcers (GU) remain inadequately understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the targets and mechanisms of BLWTG and its bioactive components in chronic GU. Chronic GU model was induced in SD rats through acetic acid injection, and administered BLWTG post-induction. The macroscopic ulcer appearance, microscopic histology, mucosal growth, vascular promoting factors, myeloperoxidase, and inflammatory factors in gastric tissue were assessed. Network analysis was used to predict the potential core targets and pathways. Further, bioactive components were screened based on cell model, identified by HPLC-QTOF-MS and validated in vivo. The results showed that BLWTG effectively mitigated pathological damage, achieving a 63.32% ulcer healing rate. Network analysis and experimental verification showed that the effectiveness of BLWTG stemmed from its capacity lower oxidative stress and inflammation, boost antioxidant levels, and promote the synthesis of gastric mucosal protective factors and repair. Further, the primary active fraction of BLWTG was ethyl acetate fraction, which increased the ulcer healing rate to 75.04%. Among the 55 compounds identified in the ethyl acetate fraction of BLWTG, evodiamine, dehydroevodiamine, berberine and tetrahydropalmatine may represent the active components responsible for facilitating the regeneration and repair of GU. In conclusion, BLWTG and its bioactive components significantly promote healing in rat models of chronic GU, providing a scientific basis for further applications of BLWTG in treating chronic GU.