Jiang Jie, Yan Yan, Yang Chunhui, Cai Hong
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China.
Biomedicines. 2025 Apr 12;13(4):950. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13040950.
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a promising cancer therapy where dying tumor cells release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to activate immune responses. Recent research highlights the critical role of metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells, including the Warburg effect, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism, in modulating ICD and shaping the immune microenvironment. These metabolic changes enhance immune activation, making tumors more susceptible to immune surveillance. This review explores the molecular mechanisms linking ICD and metabolism, including mitochondrial oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ferroptosis. It also discusses innovative therapeutic strategies, such as personalized combination therapies, metabolic inhibitors, and targeted delivery systems, to improve ICD efficacy. The future of cancer immunotherapy lies in integrating metabolic reprogramming and immune activation to overcome tumor immune evasion, with multi-omics approaches and microbiome modulation offering new avenues for enhanced treatment outcomes.
免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）是一种很有前景的癌症治疗方法，即垂死的肿瘤细胞释放损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）以激活免疫反应。最近的研究强调了肿瘤细胞中代谢重编程的关键作用，包括瓦伯格效应、氧化应激和脂质代谢，在调节ICD和塑造免疫微环境方面。这些代谢变化增强了免疫激活，使肿瘤更容易受到免疫监视。本综述探讨了将ICD与代谢联系起来的分子机制，包括线粒体氧化应激、内质网（ER）应激和铁死亡。它还讨论了创新的治疗策略，如个性化联合疗法、代谢抑制剂和靶向递送系统，以提高ICD的疗效。癌症免疫治疗的未来在于整合代谢重编程和免疫激活以克服肿瘤免疫逃逸，多组学方法和微生物组调节为提高治疗效果提供了新途径。
