Cañizares Eva, Giovannini Luca, Gumus Berivan Ozlem, Fotopoulos Vasileios, Balestrini Raffaella, González-Guzmán Miguel, Arbona Vicent
Dept. Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Torino, Italy.
Physiol Plant. 2025 May-Jun;177(3):e70226. doi: 10.1111/ppl.70226.
The threats posed by climate change on agriculture at a global scale have fostered researchers to explore new and efficient strategies to ensure stable and safe food production. These new strategies must not only be efficient in reducing yield loss but also comply with environmental and consumer safety regulations, which particularly refer to restrictions to pesticide application as well as the implementation of genetically modified organisms, including CRISPR/Cas edited lines. Among other approaches, priming constitutes an easier and relatively cheaper strategy to cope with the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses by boosting plants' endogenous potential. Particularly, pre-sowing seed priming has proven effective in improving germination and seedling establishment as well as tolerance to environmental and biotic factors throughout the plant's life cycle, exhibiting clear long-lasting effects. This tolerance response to a wide range of adverse factors is associated with physiological, metabolic and genetic mechanisms and responses at the seed level and subsequently in the established plant. The genetic and epigenetic mechanisms enabling this tolerance response in plants and their subsequent generation, as a transgenerational effect, will be reviewed. Finally, the potential of the different seed priming approaches contributing to an ecologically and economically more sustainable agriculture will be discussed.
气候变化在全球范围内对农业构成的威胁促使研究人员探索新的高效策略，以确保稳定且安全的粮食生产。这些新策略不仅要能有效减少产量损失，还必须符合环境和消费者安全法规，特别是对农药使用的限制以及转基因生物（包括CRISPR/Cas编辑品系）的应用规定。在其他方法中，引发处理是一种更简便且相对成本较低的策略，可通过激发植物的内源潜力来应对非生物和生物胁迫的影响。特别是，播种前的种子引发处理已被证明在改善发芽和幼苗建立以及提高植物整个生命周期对环境和生物因素的耐受性方面有效，呈现出明显的持久效应。这种对多种不利因素的耐受性反应与种子水平以及后续长成植株的生理、代谢和遗传机制及反应相关。本文将综述使植物及其后代产生这种耐受性反应（作为一种跨代效应）的遗传和表观遗传机制。最后，将讨论不同种子引发处理方法对实现生态和经济上更可持续农业的潜力。
