Martins Nathana B, de Almeida Julio C Neves, Gonçalves Marianne S S, Gila Lana I, Yogui Débora R, Alves Mario H, Desbiez Arnaud L J, Brandão Paulo E, da Hora Aline S
Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Investigation, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38408-100, Brazil.
Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), Mato Grosso do Sul 79070-180, Campo Grande, Brazil.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2024 Feb 7;2024:3931047. doi: 10.1155/2024/3931047. eCollection 2024.
Wild species are susceptible to several typical domestic animal pathogens, and the increasingly close contact between these groups is a predictive factor for disease exposure. Some viruses are important and old-known, and others are emerging or reemerging for domestic carnivorans and have been identified as threats to the conservation of wild mammals. The purpose of the study was to investigate the occurrence of bocaparvoviruses (BoVs, family, subfamily, genus), parvoviruses ( family, subfamily, genus, ), hepadnaviruses ( family), coronaviruses ( family, subfamily), paramyxoviruses ( family) and canine distemper virus ( subfamily, genus, ), poxviruses ( family), feline herpesvirus ( family, subfamily, genus, ), feline calicivirus ( family, genus, ), feline immunodeficiency virus ( family, subfamily, genus, ), feline leukemia virus ( family, subfamily, genus, ), and gammaherpesviruses ( family, subfamily) in wild carnivorans. A total of 30 biological samples from the families Canidae, Felidae, Mephitidae, Mustelidae, and Procyonidae were evaluated. All animals were victims of vehicular collisions in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) DNA was detected in the spleen of a bush dog (), a jaguarundi (), and a jaguar (), FeLV proviral DNA was found in the spleen of an ocelot (); while CDV RNA was detected in the liver of a jaguarundi. Phylogenetic analysis carried out with the partial sequence of the CPV-2 VP2 gene and the U3 (LTR) gag region of FeLV showed 100% identity with strains obtained from domestic dogs and cats, respectively. The approximation between wild and domestic animals favors the transmission of pathogens, especially between phylogenetically close species, such as members of the Canidae and Felidae families. Identification of the DNA and RNA of potentially fatal viruses such as CPV-2, FeLV, and CDV in four wilds endangered to extinction and understudied species contributes to our understanding of the pathogens circulating in this free-ranging and vulnerable population.
野生动物易感染几种典型的家畜病原体，而这两类动物之间日益密切的接触是疾病暴露的一个预测因素。一些病毒很重要且早已为人所知，而其他一些病毒则在家养食肉动物中呈新出现或再次出现的态势，并已被确定为对野生哺乳动物保护的威胁。本研究的目的是调查博卡细小病毒（细小病毒科、细小病毒亚科、博卡细小病毒属）、细小病毒（细小病毒科、细小病毒亚科、细小病毒属、其他属）、嗜肝DNA病毒（嗜肝DNA病毒科）、冠状病毒（冠状病毒科、冠状病毒亚科）、副粘病毒（副粘病毒科）、犬瘟热病毒（副粘病毒科、麻疹病毒属、麻疹病毒种）、痘病毒（痘病毒科）、猫疱疹病毒（疱疹病毒科、α疱疹病毒亚科、水痘-带状疱疹病毒属、其他种）、猫杯状病毒（杯状病毒科、杯状病毒属、其他种）、猫免疫缺陷病毒（逆转录病毒科、慢病毒亚科、慢病毒属、其他种）、猫白血病病毒（逆转录病毒科、γ逆转录病毒亚科、γ逆转录病毒属、其他种）以及γ疱疹病毒（疱疹病毒科、γ疱疹病毒亚科）在野生食肉动物中的存在情况。对来自犬科、猫科、臭鼬科、鼬科和浣熊科的30份生物样本进行了评估。所有动物均为巴西南马托格罗索州车辆碰撞事故的受害者。在一只薮犬、一只美洲狮猫和一只美洲豹的脾脏中检测到犬细小病毒（CPV-2）DNA；在一只豹猫的脾脏中发现了猫白血病病毒前病毒DNA；而在一只美洲狮猫的肝脏中检测到犬瘟热病毒RNA。对CPV-2 VP2基因的部分序列和猫白血病病毒的U3（长末端重复序列）gag区域进行的系统发育分析表明，它们分别与从家犬和家猫获得的毒株具有100%的同一性。野生动物与家畜之间的接近有利于病原体的传播，尤其是在系统发育关系密切的物种之间，如犬科和猫科的成员。在四种濒临灭绝且研究不足的野生动物中鉴定出CPV-2、猫白血病病毒和犬瘟热病毒等潜在致命病毒的DNA和RNA，有助于我们了解在这个自由放养且易受伤害的种群中传播的病原体。
