Hajissa Khalid, Hammed-Akanmu Mutiat, Alfaqih Hussain Omar, Alshehri Ahmad A, Goni Mohammed Dauda, Al-Asmakh Maha
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines. 2025 May 1;11(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s40794-025-00247-2.
Mosquito-borne viral (MBV) infections caused by dengue virus (DENV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), West Nile virus (WNV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) pose a significant global public health concern. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the reported prevalence data for these viruses in Gulf countries.
A web search in four electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) was conducted, and forty-four eligible studies were fulfilled the selection criteria and were therefore included in this study. The Pooled prevalence of MBVs was estimated using a random-effects model. The heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane Q test and I test, while publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test.
Using meta-analysis of proportions, the pooled prevalence of MBVs in Gulf countries among 34,367 human and 19,062 Animal samples was estimated to be 22.5% (95% CI: 13.7-31.4) and 11.6% (95% CI: 0.5 - 22.7%), respectively. In human, DENV was the most predominant virus reported in 19 studies, with an overall pooled prevalence of 32.4%, followed by RVFV in 9 studies, with an infection rate of 10.1%, while WNV and CHIKV were only reported in two studies, with overall prevalence rates of 6.4% and 2.4%, respectively. On the other hand, the overall prevalence of WNV and RVFV in animals was estimated to be 27.7% and 1.5%, respectively.
This review revealed that MBVs are highly prevalent among humans in Gulf countries but relatively low in animals. As a result, additional therapeutic and preventive measures are required. However, the study highlights the need for further studies and surveillance to precisely monitor the burden of these viruses in the region.
由登革热病毒（DENV）、裂谷热病毒（RVFV）、西尼罗河病毒（WNV）和基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）引起的蚊媒病毒（MBV）感染是全球重大的公共卫生问题。本系统评价的目的是总结这些病毒在海湾国家的报告流行率数据。
在四个电子数据库（Scopus、PubMed、谷歌学术和科学网）中进行网络搜索，44项符合条件的研究满足选择标准，因此纳入本研究。使用随机效应模型估计MBV的合并流行率。使用Cochrane Q检验和I²检验评估异质性，同时使用Egger检验评估发表偏倚。
采用比例的荟萃分析，估计海湾国家34367份人类样本和19062份动物样本中MBV的合并流行率分别为22.5%（95%可信区间：13.7 - 31.4）和11.6%（95%可信区间：0.5 - 22.7%）。在人类中，DENV是19项研究中报告的最主要病毒，总体合并流行率为32.4%，其次是RVFV，在9项研究中有报告，感染率为10.1%，而WNV和CHIKV仅在两项研究中报告，总体流行率分别为6.4%和2.4%。另一方面，动物中WNV和RVFV的总体流行率估计分别为27.7%和1.5%。
本综述显示，MBV在海湾国家的人类中高度流行，但在动物中相对较低。因此，需要额外的治疗和预防措施。然而，该研究强调需要进一步研究和监测，以准确监测该地区这些病毒的负担。
