Doan Huong Thi Thanh, Nguyen Khue Thi, Do Roan Thi, Duc Luu Minh, Tiem Pham Van, Le Thanh Hoa
Immunology Department, Institute of Biology (BT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Vet Res Commun. 2025 May 1;49(3):186. doi: 10.1007/s11259-025-10750-8.
Morbillivirus canis, commonly known as Canine distemper virus (CDV), causes Canine distemper (CD) in carnivore species across the world and spreads via cross-species transmission between domestic and wildlife canids, non-canid carnivores, and omnivores. We report on the Asia-4 lineage of CDV previously documented in Thailand and China, which has emerged for the first time in northern Vietnam since 2017. The phylogenetic analysis of 121 complete nucleotide CDS (coding sequence) of the hemagglutinin (H) gene, including 20 from this study, and 101 reference strains from all 19 lineages of CDVs revealed that the Asia-4 lineage co-circulated with the Asia-1 in Vietnam. The evolutionary distances (ED) or genetic distances between the Vietnamese and typical Asia-4 strains was low, substantially distinguishing them from other lineages. The immunodominant epitopes, host-switching, and glycosylation sites in Asia-4 viruses have several site alterations, providing fair insights into the effectiveness of the America-1-based vaccine. In addition to Thailand, China, Russia, and Mongolia, the Asia-4 lineage has appeared in northern Vietnam. Whether via canine and pet or wild animal trade/border crossing trafficking to Vietnam, remains to be studied. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of CDV molecular epidemiology and the suitable application of lineage-antigenic matching vaccines, as well as the complicated co-circulation of multiple-lineage strains in Vietnam.
犬瘟病毒，通常称为犬瘟热病毒（CDV），在世界各地的食肉动物物种中引发犬瘟热（CD），并通过家养和野生犬科动物、非犬科食肉动物以及杂食动物之间的跨物种传播进行扩散。我们报告了此前在泰国和中国有记录的CDV亚洲-4谱系，该谱系自2017年以来首次在越南北部出现。对血凝素（H）基因的121个完整核苷酸编码序列（CDS）进行系统发育分析，其中包括本研究中的20个序列以及来自CDV所有19个谱系的101个参考菌株，结果显示亚洲-4谱系在越南与亚洲-1谱系共同传播。越南毒株与典型亚洲-4毒株之间的进化距离（ED）或遗传距离较低，这使它们与其他谱系有显著区别。亚洲-4病毒中的免疫显性表位、宿主转换和糖基化位点有多处位点改变，这为基于美国-1的疫苗的有效性提供了相当多的见解。除了泰国、中国、俄罗斯和蒙古，亚洲-4谱系已在越南北部出现。无论是通过犬类和宠物还是野生动物贸易/边境过境贩运进入越南，仍有待研究。我们的研究结果有助于更好地理解CDV分子流行病学以及谱系-抗原匹配疫苗的合适应用，以及越南多种谱系毒株复杂的共同传播情况。
