Lee Soojung, Sun Yue, Fan Shi, Rahim Nowrina, Xian Yuhao, Shakhawat Mohammad Kiron, Chavarria Karina A, Vedrin Matthew, Guikema Seth, Sela Lina, Kumpel Emily, Lanzarini-Lopes Mariana, Shen Yun, Kirisits Mary Jo, Raskin Lutgarde, Potgieter Sarah, Dowdell Katherine S, Szczuka Aleksandra
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2025 May 13;59(18):8900-8921. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c12586. Epub 2025 May 2.
Drinking water opportunistic pathogens (OPs) and disinfection byproducts (DBPs) both pose risks to public health, and their variable occurrence from source to tap complicates efforts to control them simultaneously. Management of OPs and DBPs is further hindered by the historical division between microbial and chemical research. This review brings together the current knowledge regarding OPs and DBPs, identifies factors that influence the occurrence of both, and highlights areas where research is needed to better understand their health risks. First, we examine the current understanding of how OPs and DBPs are jointly influenced by physicochemical parameters, source water characteristics, treatment processes including disinfection, and distribution system properties. Temperature, for example, can affect OP and DBP occurrence, where higher temperatures can promote the growth of some OPs, such as , but temperature's effect on DBPs is species-dependent. Methods for quantifying the risks associated with OPs (quantitative microbial risk assessment) and DBPs (chemical risk assessment) are compared, finding that the numerous assumptions and data gaps associated with each method limit comparability across contaminant types. We highlight the urgent need to fill existing data gaps and develop a more unified risk framework so as to move toward holistic assessment of microbial and chemical risks. This review provides suggestions for future research, highlighting ways that researchers might utilize established practices in OP or DBP studies to further our understanding of the other. For example, analysis of source water organic matter composition, which has advanced our understanding of DBP formation, could be utilized to elucidate how source water characteristics influence OPs. This review bridges the gap between the OP and DBP disciplines, arguing that collaboration between the two is needed to address the pressing challenges facing water systems today.
饮用水中的机会致病菌（OPs）和消毒副产物（DBPs）均对公众健康构成风险，且从水源到水龙头其出现情况各异，这使得同时控制它们变得复杂。微生物研究与化学研究在历史上的划分进一步阻碍了对OPs和DBPs的管理。本综述汇集了关于OPs和DBPs的现有知识，确定了影响两者出现的因素，并突出了为更好地理解其健康风险而需要开展研究的领域。首先，我们考察了当前对OPs和DBPs如何受物理化学参数、源水特征、包括消毒在内的处理工艺以及配水系统特性共同影响的理解。例如，温度会影响OPs和DBPs的出现情况，较高温度可促进某些OPs的生长，如 ，但温度对DBPs的影响因种类而异。对量化与OPs相关风险（定量微生物风险评估）和DBPs相关风险（化学风险评估）的方法进行了比较，发现与每种方法相关的众多假设和数据缺口限制了不同污染物类型之间的可比性。我们强调迫切需要填补现有数据缺口并建立一个更统一的风险框架，以便朝着对微生物和化学风险的整体评估迈进。本综述为未来研究提供了建议，突出了研究人员可如何利用OP或DBP研究中的既定做法来进一步加深我们对另一方的理解。例如，对源水有机物组成的分析有助于我们理解DBP的形成，可用于阐明源水特征如何影响OPs。本综述弥合了OP和DBP学科之间的差距，认为两者需要合作以应对当今水系统面临的紧迫挑战。
