Simmalee Kantapat, Kawamatawong Theerasuk, Vitte Joana, Demoly Pascal, Lumjiaktase Putthapoom
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Apr 17;12:1514846. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1514846. eCollection 2025.
The complexity and diversity of the immune response in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma-COPD overlap present significant challenges for disease management. Relying on a limited number of biomarkers and clinical data is insufficient to fully reveal the immunopathogenesis of these diseases. However, technologies such as cell analysis, cytokine investigation, and nucleic acid sequencing have provided new insights into the underlying mechanisms of these diseases, leading to the discovery of several biomarkers-including cell degranulation, cell function, secreted cytokines, and single nucleotide polymorphisms-that have potential clinical implications. This paper reviews the immunopathogenesis in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma-COPD overlap and examines the applications of recent models to detect candidate biomarkers that could enhance diagnostic precision, predict severity, monitor treatments, and develop new treatment strategies. A deeper understanding of the immune response in these diseases, along with the integration of models into clinical practice, could greatly improve the management of these respiratory diseases, making approaches more personalized and efficient.
哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）以及哮喘-COPD重叠综合征患者免疫反应的复杂性和多样性给疾病管理带来了重大挑战。仅依靠有限数量的生物标志物和临床数据不足以充分揭示这些疾病的免疫发病机制。然而，细胞分析、细胞因子研究和核酸测序等技术为这些疾病的潜在机制提供了新的见解，从而发现了几种具有潜在临床意义的生物标志物，包括细胞脱颗粒、细胞功能、分泌的细胞因子和单核苷酸多态性。本文综述了哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和哮喘-COPD重叠综合征的免疫发病机制，并探讨了近期模型在检测候选生物标志物方面的应用，这些生物标志物可提高诊断准确性、预测疾病严重程度、监测治疗效果并制定新的治疗策略。对这些疾病免疫反应的更深入理解，以及将模型整合到临床实践中，可大大改善这些呼吸系统疾病的管理，使治疗方法更具个性化和高效性。
