Carp F M
J Gerontol. 1985 Sep;40(5):544-51. doi: 10.1093/geronj/40.5.544.
The study replicates and extends recent work on personality determinants of adjustment. Personality traits and adjustment criteria were selected for relevance to one type of real-life setting (public housing for the elderly that includes a senior center). Personality traits were measured by observer ratings; criteria, by self-report of respondents and perceptions of them by other residents and staff. In concurrent and longitudinal analyses controlling effects of competence and social status, personality traits accounted for significant and meaningful variance in all criteria, and the salience of particular traits varied across criteria. The results are consistent with earlier studies regarding the importance of extraversion and neuroticism to subjective well-being and suggest that they are relevant also to adjustment as perceived by others. The additional traits of congeniality, culture, and nosiness/gossip were related to both inner and outer adjustment measures in the type of situations studied.
本研究重复并扩展了近期关于适应的人格决定因素的研究。选择人格特质和适应标准是为了使其与一种现实生活环境（包括老年中心的老年人公共住房）相关。人格特质通过观察者评分来衡量；标准则通过受访者的自我报告以及其他居民和工作人员对他们的看法来衡量。在控制能力和社会地位影响的同时性和纵向分析中，人格特质在所有标准中都解释了显著且有意义的变异，并且特定特质的显著性因标准而异。研究结果与早期关于外向性和神经质对主观幸福感的重要性的研究一致，并表明它们对于他人所感知的适应也具有相关性。在研究的情境类型中，友善、文化以及爱管闲事/说闲话等额外特质与内部和外部适应指标均相关。
