Di Pietro Marisa, Filardo Simone, Sessa Rosa
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
New Microbiol. 2025 May;48(1):5-13.
A dysbiotic cervicovaginal microbiota, characterized by the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, leads to bacterial vaginosis, known to increase the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections. The present umbrella review aims to summarize evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on how cervicovaginal microbiota changes in relation to preventable sexually transmitted infections of public health importance, namely Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus. The databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched with the following strategy: ((chlamydia trachomatis) OR (treponema pallidum) OR (HPV) OR (neisseria gonorrhoeae)) AND (((microbio*) OR (metagen*)) AND (genital)); a total of 12 studies were included. Overall, this umbrella review highlighted that a highly diverse cervicovaginal microbiota has been associated with C. trachomatis infection and can be considered a risk factor in pre-cancerous lesions/cervical cancer related to high-risk HPV infections, whereas the role of cervicovaginal microbiota in N. gonorrhoeae infection is still unclear. In conclusion, specific microbial profiles associated with a high risk for each sexually transmitted pathogen have not yet been identified, and, in the future, more advanced multi-omics approaches will be helpful to clearly describe the etiopathogenetic relationships between resident microorganisms and genital conditions.
以厌氧菌过度生长为特征的阴道微生物群失调会导致细菌性阴道病，已知这会增加获得性传播感染的风险。本综述旨在总结系统评价和荟萃分析的证据，以了解阴道微生物群如何与具有公共卫生重要性的可预防性传播感染相关变化，即沙眼衣原体、淋病奈瑟菌和人乳头瘤病毒。使用以下策略检索了PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库：（（沙眼衣原体）或（梅毒螺旋体）或（人乳头瘤病毒）或（淋病奈瑟菌））且（（（微生物*）或（宏基因组*））且（生殖器））；共纳入12项研究。总体而言，本综述强调阴道微生物群高度多样化与沙眼衣原体感染有关，并且可被视为与高危人乳头瘤病毒感染相关的癌前病变/宫颈癌的一个危险因素，而阴道微生物群在淋病奈瑟菌感染中的作用仍不清楚。总之，尚未确定与每种性传播病原体高风险相关的特定微生物谱，未来，更先进的多组学方法将有助于清晰描述常驻微生物与生殖器疾病之间的病因学关系。
