Björklund Clas, Sivertsson Fredrik, Landberg Jonas, Raninen Jonas, Larm Peter
Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Criminology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2025 May 2;20(5):e0322515. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322515. eCollection 2025.
Identifying underlying subgroups might be a way to examine the development of co-occurrent substance use and delinquency. The aim of this study was to identify latent classes of substance misuse and delinquency in adolescence and which general risk factors are associated with these classes.
Data of two waves from a national representative Swedish birth cohort was used that consisted of 4,013 randomly selected adolescents (Male = 1,798, Female = 2,201, Missing = 14) Latent class analysis was used to identify classes of substance misuse and delinquency at age 17/18 and. logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors at age 15/16.
Identified classes were: "Low/abstainers" (74.80%, n = 2858, Male = 1191 Female = 1656, Missing = 11) which acted as reference, "Alcohol only" (22.21%, n = 849, Male = 420, Female = 426, Missing = 3), "Polydrug use and crime" (2.15%, n = 82, Male = 52, Female = 30) and "High crime" (0.84%, n = 32, Male = 30, Females = 2). Factors associated with belonging to any classes engaging in substance use and delinquency were lower parental support, supervision, peer problems, and higher conduct problems, sensation-seeking behavior, distrust in society, and truancy.
Most people did not engage in substance use or delinquency. When accounting for less frequent behaviors such as normative adolescent drinking and one-time events of crime and drug use, about 3% of the population engaged in co-occurring substance use and delinquency. Several different factors from several domains where related to belonging to a class that used substances and/or engaged in delinquency. There were indications that the most extensive users and offender displayed a wide variety of severe level risk factors, which could have implications for targeted interventions. Though, statistical power was a problem and future research should use larger samples or alternative methods.
识别潜在亚组可能是研究并发物质使用和犯罪行为发展的一种方法。本研究的目的是确定青少年时期物质滥用和犯罪行为的潜在类别，以及与这些类别相关的一般风险因素。
使用了来自瑞典全国代表性出生队列的两波数据，该队列由4013名随机选择的青少年组成（男性 = 1798人，女性 = 2201人，缺失 = 14人）。采用潜在类别分析来确定17/18岁时物质滥用和犯罪行为的类别，并使用逻辑回归分析来评估15/16岁时的风险因素。
确定的类别有：“低/戒除者”（74.80%，n = 2858人，男性 = 1191人，女性 = 1656人，缺失 = 11人）作为参照组，“仅饮酒者”（22.21%，n = 849人，男性 = 420人，女性 = 426人，缺失 = 3人），“多药使用和犯罪者”（2.15%，n = 82人，男性 = 52人，女性 = 30人）以及“高犯罪者”（0.84%，n = 32人，男性 = 30人，女性 = 2人）。与属于任何从事物质使用和犯罪行为类别的因素相关的有较低的父母支持、监督、同伴问题，以及较高的品行问题、寻求刺激行为、对社会的不信任和逃学。
大多数人不从事物质使用或犯罪行为。在考虑到诸如青少年规范性饮酒以及一次性犯罪和吸毒事件等不太频繁的行为后，约3%的人口同时存在物质使用和犯罪行为。来自几个领域的几个不同因素与属于使用物质和/或从事犯罪行为的类别相关。有迹象表明，最广泛的使用者和犯罪者表现出各种各样的严重程度的风险因素，这可能对有针对性的干预措施有影响。不过，统计效力是一个问题，未来的研究应该使用更大的样本或替代方法。
