Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Novel Positron Emission Tomography Tracer Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein: From Bench to Bedside.

FAPI-PET/CT has become a promising tool for cancer diagnosis. However, the pharmacokinetic properties of FAPI tracers need optimization. Here, we developed a novel FAPI tracer, [F]AlF-NOTA-SPA-FAPT, for cancer imaging. NOTA-SPA-FAPT was successfully synthesized and radiolabeled with a high radiochemical purity. [F]AlF-NOTA-SPA-FAPT displayed satisfying stability, hydrophilicity, and affinity to FAP, as well as specific uptake in A549-FAP cells. Micro-PET/CT showed that [F]AlF-NOTA-SPA-FAPT is rapidly excreted through the renal system. [F]AlF-NOTA-SPA-FAPT exhibited high tumor uptake and excellent retention, showing better tumor delineation compared to [F]FDG and [F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-42. Pilot clinical studies of [F]AlF-NOTA-SPA-FAPT and head-to-head comparison with [F]FDG were performed on 13 cancer patients. Compared to [F]FDG, [F]AlF-NOTA-SPA-FAPT had higher uptake in primary tumor and lymph node metastases as well as favorable distribution and good tumor retention. In conclusion, [F]AlF-NOTA-SPA-FAPT demonstrated high tumor accumulation, as well as improved pharmacokinetic properties. [F]AlF-NOTA-SPA-FAPT could emerge as a promising alternative to the currently established FAPI tracers.