An Ocular Exposure Prediction for Topical Atropine in Human Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.

Developing a mathematical model to predict the distribution and bioavailability of atropine in human eyes is an insight approach for clinical practice. This study aims to develop a human ocular physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling for the ophthalmic drug atropine and explore possible mechanisms by which atropine reduces myopia progression in children. The Ocular Compartment Absorption and Transit (OCAT™) model was employed to describe the ocular distribution of atropine following administration at different dosages in both rabbits and humans. The PBPK model enables the extrapolation of pharmacokinetic characteristics among different species depending on theirphysiology and anatomy. The developed and validated OCAT-PBPK model demonstrated good agreement with observed data from rabbit ocular tissues and human aqueous humor. Fifty-eight percent of simulations fell within the standard deviation range of experimental data. The extrapolated human PBPK model for accurately predicted the ocular exposure and distribution following the administration of low-concentration atropine. This study confirms the performance of the ocular PBPK model in predicting ocular pharmacokinetic behavior among different species. Model's predictions indicate that atropine shows significant potential to penetrate the posterior eye segment, providing underlying insights into its mechanisms of action in the eye.