Lammel Daniel R, Kim Shin Woong, Rong Lili, Chen Hongyu, Ingraffia Rosolino, Rillig Matthias C
Institut Für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, D- 14195, Germany.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Apr;32(20):12504-12512. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36408-1. Epub 2025 May 2.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in soil ecosystems by enhancing nutrient exchange, stabilizing soil structure, and improving water movement in soils. Microplastics (MPs), synthetic polymers smaller than five mm, pose an emerging threat to AMF by altering soil structure and chemistry, potentially disrupting these essential functions. This study examined how ten different microplastic types and shapes influenced AMF communities within the context of Grime's C-S-R (competitor-stress tolerator-ruderal) framework. We tested the effects of polypropylene, polyester, high-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, low-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene on three distinct soils (Albic Luvisol, Haplic Chernozem, and Haplic Luvisol), examining MPs in forms of fibers, films, fragments, and mixtures, in a total of 15 treatments. Although general diversity indices based on the OTU level showed no significant changes, shifts occurred at the genus level. The soils were predominantly colonized by Funneliformis and an unidentified genus in Glomeraceae (incertae sedis); however, the addition of MPs increased the relative abundance of Diversispora and Claroideoglomus, while also subtly promoting Rhizophagus and Septoglomus. In particular, Claroideoglomus showed a notable increase in relative abundance in the most diverse Haplic Chernozem soil when exposed to fragment-shaped MPs and mixed MP types. According to Grime's C-S-R framework, these genera are classified as ruderals, except for Diversispora, a stress tolerator. Ruderals are known to thrive following disturbances, such as physical disruption of soil structure, a known effect of MPs, while MPs can also create stress conditions within the soil selecting stress tolerators. Our findings highlight the complex and soil-specific interactions between MPs and AMF, demonstrating that the effects of MPs on AMF are driven by the combined influence of soil types and MP properties.
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）通过促进养分交换、稳定土壤结构和改善土壤水分运动，在土壤生态系统中发挥着关键作用。微塑料（MPs）是尺寸小于5毫米的合成聚合物，通过改变土壤结构和化学性质，对AMF构成了新出现的威胁，可能会扰乱这些重要功能。本研究在Grime的C-S-R（竞争者-耐胁迫者-杂草型）框架下，研究了十种不同类型和形状的微塑料如何影响AMF群落。我们测试了聚丙烯、聚酯、高密度聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、低密度聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯和聚苯乙烯对三种不同土壤（白浆化淋溶土、黑钙土和普通淋溶土）的影响，研究了纤维、薄膜、碎片和混合物形式的微塑料，共设置了15种处理。尽管基于OTU水平的一般多样性指数没有显著变化，但在属水平上发生了变化。土壤中主要定殖着漏斗孢属和球囊霉科中一个未鉴定的属（地位未定）；然而，添加微塑料增加了多样孢囊霉属和明球囊霉属的相对丰度，同时也略微促进了根内球囊霉属和Septoglomus属的生长。特别是，当暴露于碎片状微塑料和混合微塑料类型时，明球囊霉属在最多样化的黑钙土中相对丰度显著增加。根据Grime的C-S-R框架，除了作为耐胁迫者的多样孢囊霉属外，这些属被归类为杂草型。已知杂草型在受到干扰后会茁壮成长，例如土壤结构的物理破坏，这是微塑料的已知影响，而微塑料也会在土壤中创造胁迫条件，从而选择耐胁迫者。我们的研究结果突出了微塑料与AMF之间复杂且因土壤而异的相互作用，表明微塑料对AMF的影响是由土壤类型和微塑料性质的综合影响驱动的。
