Comprehensive insights into pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in adult autoimmune enteropathy.

Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) constitutes a diverse array of disorders characterized by immune dysregulation and gastrointestinal manifestations, chiefly chronic diarrhea. Due to the small number of reported cohorts, the current knowledge and understanding of adult-onset AIE is rare compared with pediatric or syndromic AIE. Pathogenesis might involve genetic predisposition, aberrant immune homeostasis, comorbidities of autoimmune diseases and environmental trigger. Diagnosis relies on a comprehensive assessment encompassing clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, endoscopic findings and histopathological features, yet distinguishing AIE from other disorders with similar presentations poses diagnostic challenges. Treatment strategies predominantly center on immunosuppressive therapies, exhibiting varied efficacy among individuals. Supportive treatment and prevention and management of complications are also important for prognosis. The prospectives of future researches need to explore the genetic and immunological mechanism, the diagnostic modalities and the treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes.