Kong Jooyoung, Zhang Xing, Kim Isak
Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2025 May 3:8862605251336787. doi: 10.1177/08862605251336787.
Young adults' quality relationships with parents are essential for their meaningful achievements and transition into adulthood. We aimed to examine the long-term effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on young adults' relationships with parents and the moderating roles of gender and race/ethnicity. We used data from Waves I, III, and IV of Add Health and focused on respondents' reports of closeness, satisfaction with communication, and the receipt and provision of financial support with mothers and fathers at 28.9 years of age on average. The key predictor was a cumulative score of 10 different types of adversity experienced in the family. We employed a series of multiple regression analyses. The key results showed that young adults' greater cumulative ACEs were significantly associated with decreased closeness and communication satisfaction with both parents and less frequent financial support received from fathers. ACEs were significantly associated with more frequent financial support provided to mothers but not fathers. The negative associations of ACEs with closeness and communication satisfaction with mothers were exacerbated for women. We also found significant moderating effects of race/ethnicity; for example, the positive association between ACEs and the provision of financial support to mothers was strengthened for Asian young adults relative to white young adults. ACEs' long-term effects may corroborate a pattern of cumulative disadvantage, suggesting that young adults with ACEs histories may continue to struggle in their essential family relationships. Extended support will help in the absence of strong parental support.
年轻人与父母之间高质量的关系对于他们取得有意义的成就以及向成年期过渡至关重要。我们旨在研究童年不良经历（ACEs）对年轻人与父母关系的长期影响，以及性别和种族/族裔的调节作用。我们使用了“青少年健康纵向研究”（Add Health）第一、三、四轮的数据，重点关注受访者在平均28.9岁时与母亲和父亲在亲密程度、沟通满意度以及获得和提供经济支持方面的报告。关键预测因素是在家庭中经历的10种不同类型逆境的累积得分。我们进行了一系列多元回归分析。关键结果表明，年轻人累积的ACEs越多，与父母的亲密程度和沟通满意度越低，从父亲那里获得的经济支持也越少。ACEs与向母亲提供更频繁的经济支持显著相关，但与向父亲提供经济支持无关。对于女性而言，ACEs与与母亲的亲密程度和沟通满意度之间的负相关关系更为明显。我们还发现了种族/族裔的显著调节作用；例如，相对于白人年轻人，亚洲年轻人中ACEs与向母亲提供经济支持之间的正相关关系更强。ACEs的长期影响可能证实了一种累积劣势模式，这表明有ACEs经历的年轻人在重要的家庭关系中可能会继续挣扎。在缺乏强大的父母支持的情况下，提供额外的支持会有所帮助。
