Miyamoto D M, Crowther R J
J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1985 Apr;86:1-17.
The dynamic behaviour of cells during formation of the notochord in the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, was examined by means of Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) microscopy and time-lapse videorecording. The initial rudiment is formed in part as a consequence of the pattern of mitotic divisions as the blastopore shifts posteriorly. Vertical and horizontal rearrangements produce an elongate rod of disc-shaped cells stacked end to end. Further elongation is accompanied by a cell shape change. Some cell growth or swelling is indicated to occur later in development, but this growth appears to contribute mostly to an increase in the diameter, and only insignificantly to the length of the notochord. Intracellular vacuoles that appear around 13 h after fertilization increase in size and fuse at about 16 h form intercellular ones. These in turn merge to form the central matrix core of the notochord at around 18 to 20 h. As the notochord elongates and cells change in shape, the basal surfaces bleb actively. This surface activity may be related to formation of the perinotochordal sheath.
通过微分干涉差（DIC）显微镜和延时录像技术，研究了海鞘（Ciona intestinalis）脊索形成过程中细胞的动态行为。随着胚孔向后移动，最初的原基部分是由有丝分裂模式形成的。垂直和水平重排产生了由盘状细胞首尾相连堆叠而成的细长杆状物。进一步的伸长伴随着细胞形状的改变。在发育后期有一些细胞生长或肿胀的迹象，但这种生长似乎主要导致直径增加，对脊索长度的贡献微不足道。受精后约13小时出现的细胞内液泡在约16小时时增大并融合形成细胞间液泡。这些液泡进而在约18至20小时时合并形成脊索的中央基质核心。随着脊索伸长和细胞形状改变，基底表面会积极地形成泡状突起。这种表面活动可能与脊索周围鞘的形成有关。
