Sun Ke, Wang Ruili, Li Aihua, Xu Haiping, Xue Qi, Watts David C, Fu Jing
Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Dental Materials, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
Dent Mater. 2025 Aug;41(8):903-913. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2025.04.007. Epub 2025 May 3.
The mechanical properties of resin composites (RCs) are often compromised by the incorporation of bioactive fillers. To address this, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with unique structural features and surface silanization were developed to synergistically enhance the mechanical performance of RCs while preserving bioactivity, thereby overcoming the traditional trade-off between these properties.
MSNs were synthesized through a combination of dynamic self-assembly and calcination. Following silanization they were incorporated into resin matrix at various weight ratios (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt%) alongside three further filler types: magnesium oxide nanoparticles (n-MgO), bioactive glass (BAG) and silanized barium borosilicate glass (BaBSi). The mechanical properties of these potentially bioactive RCs were systematically measured, focusing on both initial performance and long-term stability, which was rigorously evaluated through 10,000 thermal cycles (TC) between 5 °C and 55 °C. Additionally, the degree of conversion, physicochemical properties, and cytotoxicity of the RCs were determined. The antibacterial performance and remineralization capacity of the RCs were also evaluated.
MSNs-filled RCs exhibited significantly reduced water contact angles, decreased water sorption (W) and solubility (W), and excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. Prior to aging, the MSNs-filled RCs exhibited significant improvements in mechanical properties. After aging, groups exhibited some decline in mechanical properties, but MSNs at 5 wt% improved the stability.
MSNs incorporation significantly enhanced the mechanical strength and stability of dental RCs containing n-MgO, BAG and BaBSi fillers, while preserving their bioactive characteristics. This approach establishes a new paradigm for designing RCs, towards harmonious integration of functional durability and potential bioactivity.
生物活性填料的加入常常会损害树脂复合材料（RCs）的机械性能。为了解决这一问题，开发了具有独特结构特征和表面硅烷化的介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（MSNs），以协同增强RCs的机械性能，同时保留生物活性，从而克服这些性能之间的传统权衡。
通过动态自组装和煅烧相结合的方法合成MSNs。硅烷化后，将它们与另外三种填料类型：氧化镁纳米颗粒（n-MgO）、生物活性玻璃（BAG）和硅烷化硼硅酸钡玻璃（BaBSi）以不同的重量比（0、2.5、5、7.5和10 wt%）加入到树脂基体中。系统地测量了这些潜在生物活性RCs的机械性能，重点关注初始性能和长期稳定性，通过在5 °C和55 °C之间进行10000次热循环（TC）对其进行了严格评估。此外，还测定了RCs的转化率、物理化学性质和细胞毒性。还评估了RCs的抗菌性能和再矿化能力。
填充MSNs的RCs表现出显著降低的水接触角、降低的吸水率（W）和溶解度（W），以及优异的生物相容性和生物活性。在老化之前，填充MSNs的RCs在机械性能方面有显著改善。老化后，各组的机械性能有所下降，但5 wt%的MSNs提高了稳定性。
加入MSNs显著提高了含有n-MgO、BAG和BaBSi填料的牙科RCs的机械强度和稳定性，同时保留了它们的生物活性特征。这种方法为设计RCs建立了一种新的范式，旨在实现功能耐久性和潜在生物活性的和谐整合。
