Ostmeier Martin, Schellenberger Frank, Troillet Antonia, Scharner Doreen
Department for horses, Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Tierarztpraxis Dr Frank Schellenberger, Waldkirch, Germany.
J Vet Dent. 2025 Nov;42(6):444-450. doi: 10.1177/08987564251336397. Epub 2025 May 5.
Mouth specula with incisor bite plates shift the pressure from all teeth exclusively to the incisors in the opening phase which leads to increased forces on dental, osseous, and soft tissue structures of the horse's head. The potentially pathological character of these forces is described clinically by single reports of maxilla and mandible fractures occurring during the use of opened mouth specula. This study describes these forces on incisor teeth in horses during odontoplasty of cheek teeth under sedation. Measurements were documented using a modified "Günther" mouth speculum fitted with a force transducer along the force axis. Forces were recorded for different incisor separation distances and for dental rasping at a defined incisor separation distance. The results showed a significant difference in the median loads on the incisors at 82 mm (198.88 N), 92 mm (214.18 N), and 102 mm (293.95 N) incisor separation distance, and between active treatment with a mechanical bur (173.28 N) and no active mechanical bur (237.81 N) with maximum peaks up to 3783.60 N. Increasing bodyweight and mandible length showed a correlation with increasing forces, whereas age, gender and regularity of dental treatments did not suggest any influence on force development.
带有切牙咬板的口腔撑开器在开口阶段将所有牙齿上的压力仅转移至切牙，这会导致马头部的牙齿、骨质和软组织结构上的力增加。这些力的潜在病理特征在临床上通过使用开口口腔撑开器期间发生上颌骨和下颌骨骨折的个别报告得以描述。本研究描述了在镇静状态下对马的颊齿进行牙整形手术时切牙所受的这些力。使用沿力轴安装有力传感器的改良型“京特”口腔撑开器记录测量数据。记录了不同切牙分开距离以及在规定切牙分开距离下进行牙锉磨时的力。结果显示，切牙分开距离为82毫米（198.88牛）、92毫米（214.18牛）和102毫米（293.95牛）时，切牙上的中位负荷存在显著差异，并且在使用机械牙钻进行主动治疗（173.28牛）和不使用主动机械牙钻（237.81牛）之间存在显著差异，最大峰值可达3783.60牛。体重增加和下颌骨长度增加与力的增加呈正相关，而年龄、性别和牙齿治疗的规律性对力的产生未显示出任何影响。
