d'Unienville Noah Marc Adrian, Coates Alison M, Hill Alison M, Nelson Maximillian J, Croft Kevin, Yandell Catherine, Buckley Jonathan D
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2025 Mar 24;9(5):106006. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.106006. eCollection 2025 May.
Antioxidants and nitric oxide (NO) precursors may improve endurance exercise performance by reducing oxidative stress and increasing NO production. Almonds, dried grapes, and cranberries (AGC) are good sources of antioxidants and NO precursors.
To determine whether AGC consumption improved physiological responses and endurance cycling time-trial performance in response to training.
After 1 wk of light training (LT), 96 male recreationally trained cyclists consumed 125 g of AGC or control (CON: isocaloric oat bar) daily during 2 wk of heavy training (HT) and a 2-wk taper (T). At the end of LT, HT, and T, endurance exercise performance (5-min cycling time-trial; 5CTT), NO bioavailability (plasma and urine nitrate and nitrite), oxidative stress [plasma F2-isoprostanes (F-Isop)], muscle damage (creatine kinase) and subjective measures of wellbeing were assessed, as well as physiological responses during exercise at 70% maximal aerobic power output.
Compared to LT, 5CTT performance was impaired at HT ( = -0.27, = 0.01) and improved at T ( = 0.79, < 0.001), with no difference between treatments ( > 0.81). Compared with CON, during submaximal exercise at 70%, maximal aerobic power output AGC demonstrated higher oxygen consumption (HT: = 0.46; T: = 0.38, < 0.001) and lower respiratory exchange ratio (HT: = -0.61; T: = -0.23, < 0.032). At HT, urine F-Isop was higher compared with LT ( = 0.21, = 0.036), but plasma F-Isop was lower ( = -0.22, = 0.008, with no difference between treatments. At HT, AGC had higher subjective energy concentrations ( = 0.21, = 0.02) and urinary nitrite ( = 0.23, = 0.03) compared with CON and higher creatine kinase ( = 0.24, = 0.02) and less fatigue ( = -0.20; = 0.05) at T.
Although not beneficial for 5CTT performance or exercise efficiency, AGC increases fat oxidation during exercise, NO bioavailability, and subjective energy concentrations, which may confer benefits for health and wellbeing.This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12618000360213.
抗氧化剂和一氧化氮（NO）前体可能通过减轻氧化应激和增加NO生成来改善耐力运动表现。杏仁、葡萄干和蔓越莓（AGC）是抗氧化剂和NO前体的良好来源。
确定食用AGC是否能改善对训练的生理反应和耐力自行车计时赛表现。
在进行1周的轻度训练（LT）后，96名男性休闲训练自行车运动员在2周的高强度训练（HT）和2周的减量期（T）期间，每天食用125克AGC或对照组（CON：等热量燕麦棒）。在LT、HT和T结束时，评估耐力运动表现（5分钟自行车计时赛；5CTT）、NO生物利用度（血浆和尿液中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐）、氧化应激[血浆F2-异前列腺素（F-Isop）]、肌肉损伤（肌酸激酶）和主观幸福感指标，以及在最大有氧功率输出的70%进行运动时的生理反应。
与LT相比，5CTT表现在HT时受损（ = -0.27， = 0.01），在T时改善（ = 0.79， < 0.001），各处理间无差异（ > 0.81）。与CON相比，在70%的次最大运动时，AGC组的最大有氧功率输出显示出更高的耗氧量（HT： = 0.46；T： = 0.38， < 0.001）和更低的呼吸交换率（HT： = -0.61；T： = -0.23， < 0.032）。在HT时，尿液F-Isop与LT相比更高（ = 0.21， = 0.036），但血浆F-Isop更低（ = -0.22， = 0.008），各处理间无差异。在HT时，与CON相比，AGC组有更高的主观能量浓度（ = 0.21， = 0.02）和尿亚硝酸盐（ = 0.23， = 0.03），在T时肌酸激酶更高（ = 0.24， = 0.02）且疲劳感更低（ = -0.20； = 0.05）。
尽管对5CTT表现或运动效率无益处，但AGC可增加运动期间的脂肪氧化、NO生物利用度和主观能量浓度，这可能对健康和幸福感有益。本试验在www.anzctr.org.au注册，注册号为ACTRN12618000360213。
