Bernstein Ethan, Gaetano Andrew, Chen Andrew L, Farooq Hassan, Garbis Nickolas G, Salazar Dane H
California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA.
Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
JSES Rev Rep Tech. 2025 Feb 14;5(2):192-196. doi: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.01.007. eCollection 2025 May.
While there is an increasing number of women matching into orthopedic surgery, they continue to be under-represented among the various subspecialties of orthopedic surgery. Few studies have looked at gender diversity within the shoulder and elbow specialty specifically. This study seeks to evaluate recent trends in gender diversity among faculty and trainees within orthopedic shoulder and elbow surgery fellowship programs.
A cross-sectional analysis of faculty and program directors was conducted on 33 American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons fellowship programs using publicly available data (August 2024). Deidentified data on fellows from 2019 to 2024 was acquired through a combination of the San Francisco Match, reaching out to individual American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons fellowship programs, and publicly available information. The chi-square test of independence and Fisher's exact test were used to compare categorical variables. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test for a relationship between the number of female fellows and time.
Of 33 programs with 157 shoulder and elbow faculty, 7 (21.2%) had at least 1 female on faculty, with only 1 (3%) having female fellowship directors. Female faculty made up 5.1% of shoulder and elbow surgery faculty overall. Of 175 total fellows identified within the 6-year period, 21 (12%) were female. Geographic distribution of programs was as follows: 12 (36.4%) Northeast, 7 (21.2%) South, 6 (18.2%) Midwest, and 8 (24.2%) West. Northeast programs made up 57.1% of all programs with female faculty, whereas Midwest and West programs made up the last 42.9%.
Despite an increasing proportion of women entering orthopedic surgery as well as shoulder and elbow fellowship programs, our findings suggest that women remain under-represented shoulder and elbow surgery fellowship faculty and director positions. Interestingly, there was no association between shoulder and elbow fellowship programs with female faculty and the likelihood of having a female shoulder and elbow fellow.
虽然越来越多的女性进入骨科手术领域，但在骨科手术的各个亚专业中，女性的占比仍然较低。很少有研究专门关注肩肘专科内的性别多样性。本研究旨在评估骨科肩肘手术 fellowship 项目中教职人员和学员的性别多样性近期趋势。
利用公开数据（2024 年 8 月）对 33 个美国肩肘外科 fellowship 项目的教职人员和项目主任进行横断面分析。通过旧金山配对系统、联系各个美国肩肘外科 fellowship 项目以及公开信息相结合的方式，获取了 2019 年至 2024 年学员的匿名数据。使用独立性卡方检验和 Fisher 精确检验来比较分类变量。使用 Pearson 相关系数来检验女性学员数量与时间之间的关系。
在 33 个拥有 157 名肩肘外科教职人员的项目中，7 个（21.2%）项目至少有 1 名女性教职人员，只有 1 个（3%）项目有女性 fellowship 主任。女性教职人员占肩肘外科教职人员总数的 5.1%。在这 6 年期间确定的 175 名学员中，21 名（12%）是女性。项目的地理分布如下：东北部 12 个（36.4%），南部 7 个（21.2%），中西部 6 个（18.2%），西部 8 个（24.2%）。东北部的项目占所有有女性教职人员项目的 57.1%，而中西部和西部的项目占其余的 42.9%。
尽管进入骨科手术以及肩肘 fellowship 项目的女性比例不断增加，但我们的研究结果表明，女性在肩肘外科 fellowship 教职人员和主任职位中的占比仍然较低。有趣的是，有女性教职人员的肩肘 fellowship 项目与有女性肩肘学员的可能性之间没有关联。
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