Wang Yanyan, Zhang Shukui, Jia Huiyang, Ji Fen, Jiao Jianwei
State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jun;12(22):e2414890. doi: 10.1002/advs.202414890. Epub 2025 May 5.
The development of the brain involves the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the differentiation of neurogenic cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The growth and development of other cells in the brain, including microglia and blood vessels, are also crucial for maintaining normal brain function. In the first part, the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms of NSCs during neurogenesis are primarily delved into. This focused on the effects of epigenetic modifications on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. Additionally, the phenomenon where their own proliferative behavior leads to the activation of immune-related genes are discussed. Furthermore, the impact of maternal immune activation on neurogenesis are explored. Finally, the reasons underlying differences in brain development between humans and mice are examined. In the second part, the development and origin of microglia, their heterogeneity during the developmental process, and the impact of microglia on the development of surrounding cells are delved into. In the third part, the relationship between the cerebrovascular system and brain development are explored. This includes the communication and interaction between blood vessels and NSCs, as well as the effects of cytokines secreted by blood vessels on synapses and the genesis of glial cells.
大脑的发育涉及神经干细胞（NSCs）的增殖以及神经源性细胞的分化，这些细胞包括神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。大脑中其他细胞的生长和发育，包括小胶质细胞和血管，对于维持正常的脑功能也至关重要。在第一部分中，主要深入探讨了神经发生过程中神经干细胞的内在调节机制。这集中于表观遗传修饰对神经干细胞增殖和分化的影响。此外，还讨论了它们自身的增殖行为导致免疫相关基因激活的现象。此外，还探讨了母体免疫激活对神经发生的影响。最后，研究了人类和小鼠大脑发育差异的潜在原因。在第二部分中，深入探讨了小胶质细胞的发育和起源、它们在发育过程中的异质性以及小胶质细胞对周围细胞发育的影响。在第三部分中，探索了脑血管系统与大脑发育之间的关系。这包括血管与神经干细胞之间的通讯和相互作用，以及血管分泌的细胞因子对突触和胶质细胞生成的影响。
