Engineered polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/carrageenan nanofibrous membrane loaded with Aloe vera for accelerating third-degree burn wound healing.

This study introduces an innovative nanofibrous membrane included polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS), carrageenan (CG), and Aloe vera (AV), designed to enhance burn wound healing through a coaxial electrospinning technique. The PVA/AV@PVA/CS/CG membrane exhibited smooth surface, well-defined layered structure, and uniform nanofibers with a diameter of 180 ± 49 nm, as confirmed by SEM, TEM images. AV was efficiently incorporated into the membrane system, achieving encapsulation efficiency exceeding 80 % and loading efficiency of ∼3 %. The release profile of AV followed the Fickian diffusion mechanism, described by the Peppas-Sahlin model, with the membrane demonstrating ∼85 % delivery performance. The membrane exhibited favorable blood coagulation properties and a sufficient water vapor transmission rate. The membrane's balanced performance in boosting cell survival while also demonstrating antibacterial activity as well as anti-inflammatory effect, made it a suitable setting for wound healing. The synergistic interaction between the components significantly accelerated burn wound recovery and histological evaluation showed that less inflammation, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen deposition without formation of hypertrophic scars. The PVA/AV@PVA/CS/CG membrane showed statistically superior performance (p-values) in various experiments compared to the remaining samples. Conclusively, PVA/AV@PVA/CS/CG membrane exhibited numerous positive biochemical features, making it an excellent choice for third-degree burn wound dressing.