Mansour Ahmed S, Abo-Aly M M, Rizk S A, Abd El Rahman Abdellatif M M, Ghaly N F, Ragab A A, Alsabagh A M
Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 6;15(1):15737. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97814-6.
This study focused on the synthesis of six bio-based zwitterionic surfactants derived from oleic acid to assess their applicability in different petroleum fields. The final bi-zwitterionic surfactants were synthesized from oleic acid, utilizing the double bond and carboxylic group. Friedel-Crafts alkylation, sulfonation, chlorination, amidation, and quaternization were performed to synthesize six bi-zwitterionic surfactants. The bi-quaternary surfactants derived from benzene are represented by the general formula Bi Q 10, BOAS (Amide), with the symbols BE, BP, and BPh. In contrast, those derived from naphthalene are represented by Bi Q 10, NOAS (Amide), with the symbols NE, NP, and NPh. The structures of these surfactants were confirmed using FT-IR and H-NMR techniques. The surface activity and thermodynamic properties of the synthesized surfactants were analyzed through surface tension measurements conducted at various temperatures (30, 40, 50, and 60°C). Additionally, CMC, γ, π, Γ, A and Pc were measured. The thermodynamic variables for micellization and adsorption were also measured. The structural effect of the obtained surfactants was assessed. The maximum value of the structural effect was 4.33 KJmol, corresponding to BE. The results indicated that the negative values of ΔG were greater than the negative values of ΔG, indicating that these surfactants are absorbed in the interface prior to the formation of micelles. The more negative values of ΔG suggest that these surfactants are strongly adsorbed onto solid particles, such as sands and rocks, indicating their potential utilization in oil production in different petroleum fields.
本研究聚焦于六种源自油酸的生物基两性离子表面活性剂的合成，以评估它们在不同石油领域的适用性。最终的双两性离子表面活性剂由油酸合成，利用其双键和羧基。通过傅-克烷基化、磺化、氯化、酰胺化和季铵化反应合成了六种双两性离子表面活性剂。源自苯的双季铵盐表面活性剂由通式Bi Q 10、BOAS（酰胺）表示，符号为BE、BP和BPh。相比之下，源自萘的那些表面活性剂由Bi Q 10、NOAS（酰胺）表示，符号为NE、NP和NPh。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和氢核磁共振（H-NMR）技术确认了这些表面活性剂的结构。通过在不同温度（30、40、50和60°C）下进行表面张力测量，分析了合成表面活性剂的表面活性和热力学性质。此外，还测量了临界胶束浓度（CMC）、表面张力（γ）、渗透压（π）、吸附量（Γ）、分子截面积（A）和临界压力（Pc）。还测量了胶束化和吸附的热力学变量。评估了所得表面活性剂的结构效应。结构效应的最大值为4.33 KJmol，对应于BE。结果表明，吉布斯自由能变（ΔG）的负值大于胶束化吉布斯自由能变（ΔG）的负值，表明这些表面活性剂在胶束形成之前就吸附在界面上。ΔG的负值越大，表明这些表面活性剂强烈吸附在诸如沙子和岩石等固体颗粒上，表明它们在不同石油领域的石油生产中具有潜在的应用价值。
