Alsabagh Ahmad Mohamed, Aboulrous Amany A, Abdelhamid Mohamed Mahmoud, Mahmoud Tahany, Haddad Amin Sharifi, Rafati Roozbeh
Petroleum Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo 11727, Egypt.
Production Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Cairo 11727, Egypt.
ACS Omega. 2021 Jul 12;6(29):18668-18683. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01373. eCollection 2021 Jul 27.
In this work, we prepared nonionic surfactants from waste cooking oil materials. Hydrolysis was carried out for palm and palm kernel waste cooking oils to get a mixture of free fatty acids. The mixture of free acids was esterified with sorbitan and then ethoxylated at different ethylene oxide units. Two surfactants exhibited promising surface-active properties among the six prepared surfactants based on the results of surface tension. The interfacial tension (IFT) around the critical micelle concentration was measured against a series of -hydrocarbon to detect the minimum alkane carbon number (ACN) (Π) for each of these surfactants. The effect of normal and branched alcohols on Π was also studied to design the surfactant/alcohol mixture for the chemical flooding process. From the results of IFT, the ethoxylated ester derivatives of palm kernel fatty acids (EPK-20) exhibited minimum IFT γ (0.06 mN m) at Π equal to 12, and the ethoxylated ester derivatives of palm fatty acids (EP-40) achieved γ equal to 0.09 mN m at Π of 10. Branched alcohols shifted Π to a higher value to reach the equivalent ACN of the crude oil and decrease the IFT to lower values. The flooding process showed that the maximum oil recovery was obtained by EPK-20 (54.2% when used purely and 66.2% when used with isoamyl alcohol). In comparison, EP-40 exhibited that oil recovery equals 46% without alcohol and 46.4% with iso-butanol alcohol. The results were interpreted and discussed based on interfacial properties, wettability alteration, and the ACN.
在这项工作中，我们利用废弃食用油原料制备了非离子表面活性剂。对棕榈油和棕榈仁油废弃食用油进行水解，以获得游离脂肪酸混合物。游离酸混合物与脱水山梨醇进行酯化反应，然后在不同的环氧乙烷单元数下进行乙氧基化反应。基于表面张力的结果，在所制备的六种表面活性剂中，有两种表面活性剂表现出良好的表面活性性能。针对一系列碳氢化合物，测量了临界胶束浓度附近的界面张力（IFT），以检测每种表面活性剂的最小烷烃碳数（ACN）（Π）。还研究了正构醇和支链醇对Π的影响，以设计用于化学驱油过程的表面活性剂/醇混合物。从IFT结果来看，棕榈仁脂肪酸的乙氧基化酯衍生物（EPK - 20）在Π等于12时表现出最小的IFTγ（0.06 mN/m），而棕榈脂肪酸的乙氧基化酯衍生物（EP - 40）在Π为10时达到γ等于0.09 mN/m。支链醇将Π值提高到更高水平，以达到原油的等效ACN，并将IFT降低到更低值。驱油过程表明，EPK - 20获得了最大的原油采收率（纯用时为54.2%，与异戊醇一起使用时为66.2%）。相比之下，EP - 40在不使用醇时的原油采收率为46%，与异丁醇一起使用时为46.4%。基于界面性质、润湿性改变和ACN对结果进行了解释和讨论。
