Hai R, Gao X P, Xu L J, Liang X Q, Liu M T, Ning L
School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China.
Sinopharm Yiji Hospital, Baotou 014010, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2025 Apr 20;43(4):275-280. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20240120-00030.
To explore the impact of noise and dust exposure in the mechanical manufacturing industry on the risk of hypertension and abnormal electrocardiogram in workers, and their combined effects, in order to provide support for the prevention and treatment of occupational related diseases among workers. In January 2024, A convenience sampling method was used to study 2802 on-the-job workers who underwent occupational health check-ups from January 2023 to December 2023 at a machinery manufacturing enterprise in Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Blood pressure and electrocardiogram results were analyzed in the noise group, dust group, dust noise group and control group according to the exposure factors. For count data, the chi-square test was employed to analyze differences among groups. Additionally, a binary logistic regression model was utilized to assess the impact of dust and noise exposure on the prevalence of hypertension and electrocardiogram abnormalities. The stratified analysis results showed that the differences in hypertension prevalence among the four groups were statistically significant (<0.001) in males, age groups >30-40 years, >40-50 years, >50 years, different exposure durations, and different enterprise sizes. For ECG abnormalities, significant differences were observed among the four groups (<0.001) in males, the age group >30-40 years, different enterprise sizes, and those with exposure durations ≤15 years. The trend test for hypertension prevalence across different age groups revealed that as age increased, the prevalence of hypertension showed an upward trend in the noise-exposed group, dust-exposed group, and combined dust-noise-exposed group ((2)=10.76, 4.25, 6.60, <0.001, 0.039, 0.010) . Binary regression model analyses revealed that the the risk of hypertension in the noise group, dust group and dust noise group was 2.63 times (=2.63, 95%: 1.893.67, <0.001) , 2.36 times (=2.36, 95%: 1.763.16, <0.001) and 2.69 times (=2.69, 95%: 2.14~3.38, <0.001) . Using ECG abnormalities as the dependent variable and incorporating the statistically significant variables from Table 1 as independent variables into the binary logistic regression model, the results showed no statistically significant differences in the risk of ECG abnormalities in the dust-exposed, noise-exposed, and combined dust-noise-exposed groups compared to the control group (> 0.05) . Combined exposure to dust and noise increases the risk of hypertension in workers and has a combined effect.
为探讨机械制造业噪声和粉尘暴露对工人高血压及心电图异常风险的影响及其联合作用，为工人职业相关疾病的防治提供依据。2024年1月，采用便利抽样法，对内蒙古包头某机械制造企业2023年1月至2023年12月接受职业健康检查的2802名在职员工进行研究。根据暴露因素，对噪声组、粉尘组、粉尘噪声组和对照组的血压和心电图结果进行分析。对于计数资料，采用卡方检验分析组间差异。此外，利用二元logistic回归模型评估粉尘和噪声暴露对高血压患病率和心电图异常的影响。分层分析结果显示，在男性、年龄>30 - 40岁、>40 - 50岁、>50岁、不同暴露时长和不同企业规模的人群中，四组高血压患病率差异有统计学意义（<0.001）。对于心电图异常，在男性、年龄>30 - 40岁、不同企业规模以及暴露时长≤15年的人群中，四组差异有统计学意义（<0.001）。不同年龄组高血压患病率的趋势检验显示，随着年龄增加，噪声暴露组、粉尘暴露组和粉尘噪声联合暴露组的高血压患病率呈上升趋势（（2）=10.76，4.25，6.60，<0.001，0.039，0.010）。二元回归模型分析显示，噪声组、粉尘组和粉尘噪声组患高血压的风险分别为2.63倍（=2.63，95%：1.893.67，<0.001）、2.36倍（=2.36，95%：1.763.1 ,<0.001）和2.69倍（=2.69，95%：2.14~3.38，<0.001）。以心电图异常为因变量，将表1中有统计学意义的变量作为自变量纳入二元logistic回归模型，结果显示，与对照组相比，粉尘暴露组、噪声暴露组和粉尘噪声联合暴露组心电图异常风险差异无统计学意义（>0 .05）。粉尘和噪声联合暴露会增加工人患高血压的风险，并具有联合作用。
