Worku Minichil, Belay Solomon, Molla Tigist, Amare Azanaw, Tigabie Mitkie, Almagharbeh Wesam Taher, Assefa Muluneh
University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2025 May 6;25(1):663. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-11074-3.
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of bloodstream infections worldwide. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is becoming more prevalent in bacteremia and septicemia cases. Thus, this study determined Staphylococcal bacteremia, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates in Northwest Ethiopia.
This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on all age bloodstream suspected patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital from January 1th 2022 to June 30th, 2022. Data were collected using a designed data extraction tool. Blood samples were collected and inoculated to a sterile Tryptic Soya Broth. Bottles with bacterial growth were subcultured to blood agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar, and mannitol salt agar plates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. The data were entered using Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis.
Among 1200 patients included in this study, 719 (59.9%) were males. The prevalence of S. aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 26.2% (111/424) and 68.5% (76/111), respectively. The blood culture growth rate was 35.3% (424/1200). Among the isolated organisms, Gram-positive cocci account for 217 (51.2%) and Gram-negative bacilli were 173 (41.0%). Among S. aureus isolates, 63.7% were sensitive to gentamicin and 91.9% were resistant to penicillin. A high prevalence of bacteremia was found in males (60.1%) and ward locations at the neonatal intensive care unit (57.1%). Specifically, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was highly prevalent in males, followed by pediatric age groups, and neonatal intensive care unit, which were 59.2%, 56.6%, and 44.7%, respectively.
In this study, the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia was high, indicating its spread in hospital settings such as intensive care units. This requires routine detection, molecular characterization of mecA gene, and improved infection prevention at the healthcare facility.
金黄色葡萄球菌是全球血流感染最常见的病因。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌在菌血症和败血症病例中越来越普遍。因此，本研究确定了埃塞俄比亚西北部金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染以及分离株的抗菌药敏模式。
本回顾性横断面研究于2022年1月1日至2022年6月30日在贡德尔大学综合专科医院对所有疑似血流感染的患者进行。使用设计好的数据提取工具收集数据。采集血样并接种到无菌胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤中。有细菌生长的培养瓶转种到血琼脂、巧克力琼脂、麦康凯琼脂和甘露醇盐琼脂平板上。采用 Kirby Bauer 纸片扩散法进行抗菌药敏试验。数据使用Epi-info 7版录入，并导出到SPSS 20版进行分析。
本研究纳入的1200例患者中，719例（59.9%）为男性。金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的患病率分别为（111/424）26.2%和（76/111）68.5%。血培养阳性率为35.3%（424/1200）。在分离出的微生物中，革兰氏阳性球菌占217例（51.2%），革兰氏阴性杆菌为173例（41.0%）。在金黄色葡萄球菌分离株中，63.7%对庆大霉素敏感，91.9%对青霉素耐药。男性（60.1%）和新生儿重症监护病房（57.1%）的菌血症患病率较高。具体而言，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌在男性中高度流行，其次是儿童年龄组和新生儿重症监护病房，分别为59.2%、56.6%和44.7%。
在本研究中，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症的患病率较高，表明其在重症监护病房等医院环境中传播。这需要进行常规检测、mecA基因的分子特征分析以及改善医疗机构的感染预防措施。
