Mensonas Vilius Jurgis, Kleizaitė Violeta, Leistrumaitė Algė, Šiukšta Raimondas
Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institutas Ave. 1, Akademija, 58344 Kėdainiai, Lithuania.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 17;26(8):3803. doi: 10.3390/ijms26083803.
Aluminum toxicity in acidic soils represents a significant environmental stressor that affects yields worldwide and is only expected to worsen. Breeding resistant varieties remains the most viable solution; however, fast and robust procedures to determine cultivar viability must be developed and applied to promising genotypes. This study explored historical and modern Lithuanian-bred barley cultivars using morphometrical and biochemical markers for Al resistance and sequence and expression analyses of potential candidate genes. Morphometric seedling measurements (relative root length reduction -13.65 ± 0.33% ( < 0.001) and root tolerance index 0.86 ± 0.44 after 72 h at 8 mM Al stress) revealed the modern cv. 'Ema DS' to be the most Al resistant, while biochemical assays offered a poor distinction between the Al-resistant and sensitive cultivars. Thus, we determined that morphometric parameters were more effective in the early screening for barley Al resistance. The genetic screening of well-established Al resistance markers in the barley citrate transporter HvAACT1 revealed a mismatch between the observed barley phenotypes and genotypes. Further testing was conducted through expression analyses of and seven aquaporin family genes, which revealed a correlation between the best empirical performance in cv. 'Ema DS' and a high (2.02 fold change, < 0.05) expression, despite the lack of established genetic markers, as well as a stress-induced significant upregulation of aquaporin TIP4;1 (2.45 fold change, < 0.05), suggesting previously undiscovered regulatory mechanisms of external and internal detoxification influencing Al resistance in Lithuanian barley cultivars, as well as potential future candidates for Al-resistant barley breeding programs.
酸性土壤中的铝毒是一个重大的环境压力因素，影响着全球作物产量，而且预计只会恶化。培育抗性品种仍然是最可行的解决方案；然而，必须开发出快速且可靠的程序来确定品种的生存能力，并将其应用于有潜力的基因型。本研究利用形态学和生化标记来检测铝抗性，并对潜在候选基因进行序列和表达分析，以此探究立陶宛培育的历史和现代大麦品种。形态学幼苗测量结果（在8 mM铝胁迫72小时后，相对根长减少-13.65 ± 0.33%（< 0.001），根耐受指数为0.86 ± 0.44）表明，现代品种‘Ema DS’对铝的抗性最强，而生化分析在抗铝和感铝品种之间的区分效果不佳。因此，我们确定形态学参数在大麦铝抗性早期筛选中更有效。对大麦柠檬酸转运蛋白HvAACT1中已确立的铝抗性标记进行基因筛选，结果显示观察到的大麦表型与基因型不匹配。通过对 和七个水通道蛋白家族基因的表达分析进行了进一步测试，结果表明，尽管缺乏已确立的遗传标记，但在品种‘Ema DS’中最佳的实际表现与高 （2.02倍变化，< 0.05）表达之间存在相关性，同时水通道蛋白TIP4;1受到胁迫诱导显著上调（2.45倍变化，< 0.05），这表明存在以前未发现的影响立陶宛大麦品种铝抗性的外部和内部解毒调节机制，以及未来抗铝大麦育种计划的潜在候选基因。
