Puebla-Duarte Andrés Leobardo, Bernal-Mercado Ariadna Thalía, Santos-Sauceda Irela, Acosta-Elias Mónica, Fernández-Quiroz Daniel, Burruel-Ibarra Silvia Elena, Ornelas-Paz José de Jesús, Pérez-Cabral Ingrid Daniela, Rodríguez-Félix Francisco, Iturralde-García Rey David, Robles-García Miguel Ángel, Tapia-Hernández José Agustín, González-Vega Ricardo Iván, Del-Toro-Sánchez Carmen Lizette
Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
Departamento de Investigación en Polímero y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 20;26(8):3902. doi: 10.3390/ijms26083902.
β-carotene (β-C) is a hydrophobic compound, easily degradable by light and oxygen and with low solubility, limiting its applications. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) can encapsulate β-C, protecting it from degradation and maintaining its bioactivity. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize and determine the antioxidant and erythroprotective activity of β-C/β-CD inclusion complexes. The co-precipitation technique was used to elaborate β-C/β-CD in a 40:60 ratio, obtaining a high yield (94.10%), an entrapment efficiency of 82.47%, and a loading efficiency of 11.92%. The moisture of β-C/β-CD was 2.93%. β-C release increased over the time of 216 h (80.8%, 92.8%, and 97.4% at 8 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C, respectively). A UV-visible analysis confirmed the presence of β-carotene in the inclusion complex, indicating successful encapsulation without significant structural changes. According to the adsorption-desorption isotherms, the complexes showed a type II isotherm. The FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the inclusion complex, which interacted by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, or van der Waals forces. The DSC showed an endothermic peak at 118 °C in the β-C/β:CD. The TGA revealed reduced water loss in the β-carotene/β-cyclodextrin complex, indicating limited water binding due to encapsulation. The microscopic surface morphologies observed by the SEM of β-C/β-CD were irregular-shaped clumps in the surface with a particle average size of 8.09 µm. The X-ray diffraction showed a crystalline structure of the complex. The zeta potential determination indicated a negative charge (-23 and -32 mV). The ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP demonstrated the antioxidant activity of β-C/β:CD (34.09%, 21.73%, and 8.85. mM ET/g, respectively), similar to pure β-C (34.64%, 22.63%, and 9.12 μM ET/g, respectively). The complexes showed an erythroprotective effect inhibiting hemolysis (64.09%). Therefore, with these characteristics, β-CD is a good encapsulant for β-C, and this complex could be applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
β-胡萝卜素（β-C）是一种疏水性化合物，易受光和氧气降解且溶解度低，限制了其应用。β-环糊精（β-CD）可以包封β-C，保护其免受降解并维持其生物活性。因此，本研究旨在表征和测定β-C/β-CD包合物的抗氧化和红细胞保护活性。采用共沉淀技术以40:60的比例制备β-C/β-CD，产率高（94.10%），包封率为82.47%，负载率为11.92%。β-C/β-CD的水分含量为2.93%。β-C的释放量在216小时内增加（8℃、25℃和37℃时分别为80.8%、92.8%和97.4%）。紫外可见分析证实包合物中存在β-胡萝卜素，表明成功包封且无明显结构变化。根据吸附-解吸等温线，该复合物呈现II型等温线。傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱证实了包合物的形成，其通过氢键、疏水相互作用或范德华力相互作用。差示扫描量热法显示β-C/β:CD在118℃有一个吸热峰。热重分析表明β-胡萝卜素/β-环糊精复合物的水分损失减少，表明由于包封导致水结合受限。通过扫描电子显微镜观察到的β-C/β-CD的微观表面形态是表面不规则形状的团块，平均粒径为8.09 µm。X射线衍射显示该复合物具有晶体结构。zeta电位测定表明带负电荷（-23和-32 mV）。ABTS、DPPH和FRAP法证明了β-C/β:CD的抗氧化活性（分别为34.09%、21.73%和8.85 mM ET/g），与纯β-C（分别为34.64%、22.63%和9.12 μM ET/g）相似。该复合物显示出抑制溶血的红细胞保护作用（64.09%）。因此，基于这些特性，β-CD是β-C的良好包封剂，这种复合物可应用于食品和制药行业。
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