Mulleners Sien J, Juncker Hannah G, Zuiderveld Jan, Ziesemer Kirsten A, van Goudoever Johannes B, van Keulen Britt J
Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1000 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit van Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Mar 25;13(4):350. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13040350.
Newborns are born with an immature immune system, making them susceptible to infections early in life. Human milk provides essential nutrients and immunological factors that support infant immunity. Maternal vaccination during lactation has the potential to enhance these benefits by triggering an immune response in the mother, potentially extending protection to her child. However, lactating individuals are often excluded from vaccine trials, leading to uncertainties about vaccine safety and efficacy during the postpartum period. This study critically evaluates the effectiveness of vaccines in enhancing the immune-supporting properties of human milk and assesses their safety and efficacy for lactating mothers and their infants. By examining potential benefits alongside safety concerns, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of postpartum vaccination's impact on maternal and infant health. We utilized large-language models (LLMs) to enhance the review process and performed a structured literature search across Ovid/Medline, Embase, and Clarivate Analytics using terms like "breastfeeding", "postpartum", and "vaccination". A three-stage screening process involving human and LLM-assisted evaluation focused on postpartum vaccines and their implications for maternal and infant health. We identified 73 studies covering vaccines against COVID-19, cholera, influenza, pertussis, pneumococcal, rabies, polio, rotavirus, rubella, varicella, typhoid, smallpox, and yellow fever. Most vaccines, such as those for COVID-19 and influenza, appear safe and effective for postpartum use without requiring precautionary measures. However, caution is advised with vaccines such as the yellow fever vaccine, where temporary breastfeeding cessation is recommended. Overall, this review underscores the compatibility of most vaccines with lactation and suggests its benefits for both mother and infant.
新生儿出生时免疫系统不成熟，这使得他们在生命早期易受感染。母乳提供支持婴儿免疫力的必需营养素和免疫因子。哺乳期母亲接种疫苗有可能通过引发母亲的免疫反应来增强这些益处，从而有可能将保护作用扩展到她的孩子。然而，哺乳期女性通常被排除在疫苗试验之外，这导致产后时期疫苗安全性和有效性存在不确定性。本研究批判性地评估了疫苗在增强母乳免疫支持特性方面的有效性，并评估了其对哺乳期母亲及其婴儿的安全性和有效性。通过在关注安全问题的同时审视潜在益处，我们旨在全面了解产后接种疫苗对母婴健康的影响。我们利用大语言模型（LLMs）来改进综述过程，并使用“母乳喂养”“产后”和“疫苗接种”等术语在Ovid/Medline、Embase和科睿唯安分析数据库中进行了结构化文献检索。一个包括人工和LLM辅助评估的三阶段筛选过程聚焦于产后疫苗及其对母婴健康的影响。我们识别出73项研究，涉及针对新冠病毒、霍乱、流感、百日咳、肺炎球菌、狂犬病、脊髓灰质炎、轮状病毒、风疹、水痘、伤寒、天花和黄热病的疫苗。大多数疫苗，如新冠病毒疫苗和流感疫苗，产后使用似乎安全有效，无需采取预防措施。然而，对于黄热病疫苗等疫苗，建议谨慎使用，建议暂时停止母乳喂养。总体而言，本综述强调了大多数疫苗与哺乳的兼容性，并表明其对母婴双方都有益处
