Director Noble IVF Centre, sector 14, Faridabad Consultant Fortis La Femme, GK2, New Delhi, India.
Fellowship (IVF &Reproductive Medicine) Milann Fertility Centre, Bengaluru, India.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2021 Oct;76:23-40. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2021.02.002. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
Vaccination during pregnancy is important for active immunity of the mother against serious infectious diseases, and also for passive immunity of the neonate to infectious diseases with high morbidity and mortality. As a rule, live vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy as they may cause fetal viremia/bacteremia. Inactivated vaccines are generally safe. Vaccines safe to be administered to all pregnant ladies are tetanus toxoid (TT; tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) and Flu vaccines. During pre-pregnancy counselling, vaccination for MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) should be offered, with an advice to avoid pregnancy for a month. All pregnant mothers should receive TT and Tdap vaccination during the third trimester. Flu vaccine can be given to all mothers at any gestation, and if not offered during pregnancy, it can be given postpartum. Vaccinations that should be offered to women if at high risk of exposure are for hepatitis A and B, pneumococcal, meningococcal, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis (JE), polio, typhoid, and cholera infections. Vaccines to be given only for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) are smallpox, rabies, and anthrax. Postpartum women should be offered human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. If not immunized earlier, they should be offered MMR, Tdap, and Flu vaccines. Future vaccines being developed are for malaria, Zika virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), group B streptococcus, CMV, and COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2).
孕期接种疫苗对于母亲主动预防严重传染病，以及新生儿被动预防高发病率和死亡率传染病非常重要。通常，活疫苗在孕期禁忌使用，因为它们可能导致胎儿病毒血症/菌血症。灭活疫苗通常是安全的。可安全用于所有孕妇的疫苗有破伤风类毒素（TT；破伤风、白喉、无细胞百日咳（Tdap）和流感疫苗）。在孕前咨询时，应提供 MMR（麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹）疫苗接种，并建议在一个月内避免怀孕。所有孕妇应在妊娠晚期接种 TT 和 Tdap 疫苗。流感疫苗可在任何妊娠期间给予所有母亲，如果未在孕期提供，可在产后给予。如果有高暴露风险的女性，应提供甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎、肺炎球菌、脑膜炎球菌、黄热病、乙型脑炎（JE）、脊髓灰质炎、伤寒和霍乱感染的疫苗接种。仅用于暴露后预防（PEP）的疫苗有天花、狂犬病和炭疽。应向产后妇女提供人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗接种。如果之前未免疫，应提供 MMR、Tdap 和流感疫苗。正在开发的未来疫苗用于疟疾、寨卡病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、B 型链球菌、CMV 和 COVID-19（SARS-CoV-2）。
