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从煤副产品中湿法冶金回收锗的挑战与机遇

Challenges and Opportunities in Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Germanium from Coal By-Products.

作者信息

Rudnik Ewa

机构信息

Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicz Ave. 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.

出版信息

Molecules. 2025 Apr 10;30(8):1695. doi: 10.3390/molecules30081695.

DOI:10.3390/molecules30081695
PMID:40333657
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12029668/
Abstract

Germanium, a critical material for advanced technologies, is enriched in certain coal deposits and by-products, including coal combustion and gasification fly ashes. This review examines germanium concentrations and occurrence modes in coal, coal gangue, and their combustion or gasification by-products, as well as hydrometallurgical recovery methods at laboratory, pilot, and industrial scales. Fly ashes from both coal combustion and gasification are particularly promising due to their higher germanium content and recovery rates, which can exceed 90% under optimal conditions. However, the low germanium concentrations and high levels of impurities in the leachates pose challenges, necessitating the development of innovative and selective separation techniques, primarily involving solvent extraction, ion exchange, or adsorption.

摘要

锗是先进技术的关键材料，在某些煤矿床及其副产品中富集，包括煤燃烧和气化产生的粉煤灰。本文综述了煤、煤矸石及其燃烧或气化副产品中的锗含量和赋存形态，以及实验室、中试和工业规模的湿法冶金回收方法。煤燃烧和气化产生的粉煤灰因其较高的锗含量和回收率而特别有前景，在最佳条件下回收率可超过90%。然而，浸出液中锗浓度低且杂质含量高带来了挑战，因此需要开发创新的选择性分离技术，主要包括溶剂萃取、离子交换或吸附。

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本文引用的文献

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Review on Gallium in Coal and Coal Waste Materials: Exploring Strategies for Hydrometallurgical Metal Recovery.煤及煤矸石中镓的综述：探索湿法冶金回收金属的策略
Molecules. 2024 Dec 15;29(24):5919. doi: 10.3390/molecules29245919.
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Revisiting sustainable resources in the combustion products of alumina-rich coal: Critical metal (Li, Ga, Nb, and REY) potential of ash from the Togtoh Power Plant, Inner Mongolia, China.再探富铝煤燃烧产物中的可持续资源：中国内蒙古托克托电厂灰分中关键金属（锂、镓、铌和稀土元素钇）的潜力
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Improved recycling of a gasification fly ash: An integrated waste management approach within the framework of a Circular Economy.
提高气化飞灰的回收利用率：循环经济框架内的综合废物管理方法。
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Occurrence Modes of Critical Metals (Li and Ge) in the Organic Molecular Structures of Coal: A Density Functional Theory Study.煤有机分子结构中关键金属（锂和锗）的赋存模式：密度泛函理论研究
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Germanium silicon oxide achieves multi-coloured ultra-long phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence at high temperature.锗硅氧化物在高温下实现了多色超长磷光和延迟荧光。
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Roadmap for recycling of germanium from various resources: reviews on recent developments and feasibility views.从各种资源中回收锗的路线图：近期进展综述与可行性观点
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Germanium in the soil-plant system-a review.土壤-植物系统中的锗——综述。
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Potentially useful elements (Al, Fe, Ga, Ge, U) in coal gangue: a case study in Weibei coal mining area, Shaanxi Province, northwestern China.煤矸石中潜在有用元素（Al、Fe、Ga、Ge、U）：以中国西北部陕西省渭北矿区为例。
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