Triazoles are important fragments in the development of fungicidal compounds. Fungi have gradually developed drug resistance against traditional fungicides due to long-term overuse. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new candidate compounds. A series of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing amino acid fragments were designed and synthesized based on mefentrifluconazole. All the target compounds were characterized by H-NMR, C-NMR, and HRMS techniques. Their antifungal activities against five kinds of phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated in vitro. The results revealed that most compounds had broad-spectrum fungicidal activities at 50 μg/mL and four compounds exhibited better antifungal activity than the control drug mefentrifluconazole. Interestingly, the synthesized compounds and exhibited exceptional antifungal activity against , with EC values of 10.808 µg/mL and 10.126 µg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking studies demonstrate that the 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and , which incorporate amino acid groups, exhibit strong binding affinity to 14α-demethylase (CYP51). These findings highlight the potential of these compounds as effective antifungal agents.